如何在Java中向上转型和向下转型同一个对象?
在Java中,将一种数据类型转换为另一种数据类型被称为类型转换。
向上转型 − 将更高数据类型转换为较低数据类型,称为缩小转换(将更高数据类型的值赋给较低数据类型变量)。
示例
import java.util.Scanner; public class NarrowingExample { public static void main(String args[]){ char ch = (char) 67; System.out.println("Character value of the given integer: "+ch); } }
输出
Character value of the given integer: C
向下转型 − 将较低数据类型转换为更高数据类型,称为扩展转换(将较低数据类型的值赋给更高数据类型变量)。
示例
public class WideningExample { public static void main(String args[]){ char ch = 'C'; int i = ch; System.out.println(i); } }
输出
Integer value of the given character: 67
向上转型和向下转型同一个对象
类似地,您还可以将一个类类型的对象转换为其他类类型。但这两个类应该具有继承关系。然后,
如果您将父类转换为子类类型,则在引用方面称为缩小转换(子类引用变量持有父类对象)。
Sub sub = (Sub)new Super();
如果您将子类转换为父类类型,则在引用方面称为扩展转换(父类引用变量持有子类对象)。
Super sup = new Sub();
示例
以下Java程序演示了如何向上转型和向下转型同一个对象。
class Person{ public String name; public int age; Person(){} public Person(String name, int age){ this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void displayPerson() { System.out.println("Data of the Person class: "); System.out.println("Name: "+this.name); System.out.println("Age: "+this.age); } } public class Student extends Person { public String branch; public int Student_id; Student(){} public Student(String name, int age, String branch, int Student_id){ super(name, age); this.branch = branch; this.Student_id = Student_id; } public void displayStudent() { System.out.println("Data of the Student class: "); System.out.println("Name: "+super.name); System.out.println("Age: "+super.age); System.out.println("Branch: "+this.branch); System.out.println("Student ID: "+this.Student_id); } public static void main(String[] args) { Person person = new Person(); Student student = new Student("Krishna", 20, "IT", 1256); //Up casting person = student; person.displayPerson(); //only super class methods //Down casting student = (Student) person; student.displayPerson(); student.displayStudent(); } }
输出
Data of the Person class: Name: Krishna Age: 20 Data of the Person class: Name: Krishna Age: 20 Data of the Student class: Name: Krishna Age: 20 Branch: IT Student ID: 1256
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