如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建自定义选择框?


选择框允许您创建一个下拉菜单,供用户从列表中选择特定值。例如,当您希望用户从学位列表中选择一个学位,或从热门运动列表中选择喜欢的运动等时,通常会出现这些选择框。让我们看看如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建自定义选择框。选择框的颜色、外观等可以轻松更改。让我们看看如何操作 -

为选择框创建一个容器

首先,为选择框创建一个容器 div。选项值 0 是选择框值从顶部开始的位置 -

<div class="customSelect" style="width:200px;">
   <select>
      <option value="0">Select Animal:</option>
      <option value="Giraffe">Giraffe</option>
      <option value="Lion">Lion</option>
      <option value="Cow">Cow</option>
      <option value="Dog">Dog</option>
      <option value="Tiger">Tiger</option>
   </select>
</div>

定位选择框

选择框使用 position 属性和 relative 值进行定位

.customSelect {
   position: relative;
   font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

最初隐藏选择值

网页加载时,选择选项处于隐藏状态。要隐藏它们,将 display 属性设置为 none -

.customSelect select {
   display: none;
}

选择框箭头

在选择框上,一个向下指向的箭头可以让用户了解这是一个下拉菜单。要定位该箭头,将 position 属性设置为 absolute 值。使用 content 属性设置形状。为了将其定位到精确的位置,需要考虑 top 和 right 属性 -

.select-selected:after {
   position: absolute;
   content: "";
   top: 14px;
   right: 10px;
   width: 0;
   height: 0;
   border: 6px solid transparent;
   border-color: #fff transparent transparent transparent;
}

所选值的背景颜色

background-color 属性用于设置所选值的背景颜色 -

.select-selected {
   background-color: rgb(78, 11, 122);
}

示例

要使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建自定义选择框,代码如下 -

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .customSelect {
         position: relative;
         font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
      }
      .customSelect select {
         display: none;
      }
      .select-selected {
         background-color: rgb(78, 11, 122);
      }
      .select-selected:after {
         position: absolute;
         content: "";
         top: 14px;
         right: 10px;
         width: 0;
         height: 0;
         border: 6px solid transparent;
         border-color: #fff transparent transparent transparent;
      }
      .select-selected.select-arrow-active:after {
         border-color: transparent transparent #fff transparent;
         top: 7px;
      }
      .select-items div, .select-selected {
         color: #ffffff;
         padding: 8px 16px;
         border: 1px solid transparent;
         cursor: pointer;
         user-select: none;
      }
      .select-items {
         position: absolute;
         background-color: rgb(138, 29, 148);
         top: 100%;
         left: 0;
         right: 0;
         z-index: 99;
      }
      .select-hide {
         display: none;
      }
      .select-items div:hover, .sameSelected {
         background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <h1>Custom Select Example</h1>
   <div class="customSelect" style="width:200px;">
      <select>
         <option value="0">Select Animal:</option>
         <option value="Giraffe">Giraffe</option>
         <option value="Lion">Lion</option>
         <option value="Cow">Cow</option>
         <option value="Dog">Dog</option>
         <option value="Tiger">Tiger</option>
      </select>
   </div>
   <script>
      var customSelectEle, i, j, selElmnt, divEle, divEleSelected, c;
      customSelectEle = document.querySelector(".customSelect");
      selElmnt = customSelectEle.getElementsByTagName("select")[0];
      divEle = document.createElement("DIV");
      divEle.setAttribute("class", "select-selected");
      divEle.innerHTML = selElmnt.options[selElmnt.selectedIndex].innerHTML;
      customSelectEle.appendChild(divEle);
      divEleSelected = document.createElement("DIV");
      divEleSelected.setAttribute("class", "select-items select-hide");
      Array.from(selElmnt).forEach((item, index) => {
         c = document.createElement("DIV");
         c.innerHTML = selElmnt.options[index].innerHTML;
         c.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
            var y, i, k, selEleParent, selEleSibling;
            selEleParent = this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName( "select" )[0];
            selEleSibling = this.parentNode.previousSibling;
            for (i = 0; i < selEleParent.length; i++) {
               if (selEleParent.options[i].innerHTML == this.innerHTML) {
                  selEleParent.selectedIndex = i;
                  selEleSibling.innerHTML = this.innerHTML;
                  y = this.parentNode.getElementsByClassName("sameSelected");
                  for (k = 0; k < y.length; k++) {
                     y[k].removeAttribute("class");
                  }
                  this.setAttribute("class", "sameSelected");
                  break;
               }
            }
            selEleSibling.click();
         });
         divEleSelected.appendChild(c);
      });
      customSelectEle.appendChild(divEleSelected);
      divEle.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
         e.stopPropagation();
         closeSelect(this);
         this.nextSibling.classList.toggle("select-hide");
         this.classList.toggle("select-arrow-active");
      });
      function closeSelect(elmnt) {
         var customSelectEle,
         y,
         i,
         arrNo = [];
         customSelectEle = document.getElementsByClassName("select-items");
         y = document.getElementsByClassName("select-selected");
         for (i = 0; i < y.length; i++) {
            if (elmnt == y[i]) {
               arrNo.push(i);
            }
            else {
               y[i].classList.remove("select-arrow-active");
            }
         }
         for (i = 0; i < customSelectEle.length; i++) {
            if (arrNo.indexOf(i)) {
               customSelectEle[i].classList.add("select-hide");
            }
         }
      }
      document.addEventListener("click", closeSelect);
   </script>
</body>
</html>

更新于: 2023-12-14

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