Linux nslookup 命令用于排查 DNS 域名服务器
nslookup 是一个网络管理命令行工具,可在许多计算机操作系统上使用,用于查询域名系统 (DNS) 以获取域名或 IP 地址映射,或获取任何其他特定 DNS 记录。本文详细解释了 **nslookup** 命令。Nslookup 可以运行在两种模式下:**交互式**和**非交互式**。**交互式**模式用于查询 **DNS 服务器** 的各种域名和主机。**非交互式**模式用于查询域名或主机的相关信息。
要查找域名的“A”记录(IP 地址),请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup tutorialspoint.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: tutorialspoint.com Address: 117.18.237.191
以上命令提供了关于 tutorialspoint.com 的信息。非权威答案显示了 Tutorialspoint.com 的记录。
要进行反向域名查找,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup 209.191.122.70
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: 70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpaname = UNKNOWN-209-191-122-X.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
要查询 MX(邮件交换)记录,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wg1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1461733777 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 300
MX 记录用于将站点名称映射到该区域的邮件交换服务器记录。基本上,它说明了发送到/或接收到的任何@yahoo.com 的邮件将路由到哪个邮件服务器。
要查询 NS(名称服务器)记录,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wg1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1461734024 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 300
要查询 SOA(起始授权)记录,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.comcanonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wg1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1461734126 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 300
要查询所有可用的 DNS 记录,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup -query=any yahoo.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: yahoo.comhas AAAA address 2001:4998:44:204::a7 yahoo.comnameserver = ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.comnameserver = ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.comnameserver = ns6.yahoo.com. yahoo.com origin = ns1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 2016042624 refresh = 3600 retry = 300 expire = 1814400 minimum = 600 yahoo.com has AAAA address 2001:4998:c:a06::2:4008 yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com has AAAA address 2001:4998:58:c02::a9 yahoo.com nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. Authoritative answers can be found from:
要启用 **调试** 模式,请使用以下命令:
$ sudo nslookup -debug yahoo.com
示例输出如下:
Server: 127.0.1.1 Address: 127.0.1.1#53 ------------ QUESTIONS: yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN ANSWERS: -> yahoo.com internet address = 206.190.36.45 ttl = 810 -> yahoo.com internet address = 98.139.183.24 ttl = 810 -> yahoo.com internet address = 98.138.253.109 ttl = 810 AUTHORITY RECORDS: ADDITIONAL RECORDS: ------------ Non-authoritative answer: Name:yahoo.com Address: 206.190.36.45 Name:yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name:yahoo.com Address: 98.138.253.109
恭喜!现在您已经了解了“用于排查 DNS(域名服务器)的 Linux Nslookup 命令”。我们将在下一篇文章中学习更多关于此类 Linux 命令的内容。敬请关注!
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