如何使用 Python 更改目录的所有者?


利用 pwd、grp 和 os 模块,可以修改文件或目录的所有者。要从用户名获取用户 ID,从组名字符串获取组 ID,以及修改所有者,可以使用 uid 模块。

以下是使用 Python 更改目录所有者的方法:

使用 os.chown() 方法

要将给定路径的所有者和组 ID 更改为指定的数字所有者 ID (UID) 和组 ID (GID),可以使用 Python 的 os.chown() 方法。

语法

os.chown(filepath, uid, gid, *, dir_fd = None, follow_symlinks = True)

其中:

filepath 是要修改其 uid 和 gid 的文件的描述符。

uid 是一个整数,表示路径的所有者 ID。

gid 是一个数字,表示应为路径输入的组 ID(将任意一个 ID 设置为 -1 以保持不变),dir_fd 是与目录相关的文件描述符(可选),其参数的默认值为 None,如果选择follow_symlinks,其参数的默认值为 True。如果我们不希望 os.chown() 方法跟踪符号链接,可以将其设置为 False。如果返回 False,则该过程将作用于符号链接而不是其链接到的文件。

注意 - 参数列表中的符号 "*" 表示所有后续参数(在本例中为“dir_fd”和“follow_symlinks”)都是仅限关键字的参数,只能通过名称提供,不能作为位置参数。

此方法不返回值。

示例 - 1(Linux)

以下是如何使用 os.chown() 方法更改目录所有者的示例:

import os path = "C:\Users\Lenovo\Downloads\Work TP\trial.py" print("file's owner id:", os.stat(path).st_uid) print("file's group id:", os.stat(path).st_gid) # Changing the owner id and group id of the file uid = 1500 gid = 1500 os.chown(path, uid, gid) print("\nOwner id and group id of the file is changed succesfully") # Printing the owner id and group id of the file print("\nfile's owner id now is:", os.stat(path).st_uid) print("file's group id now is:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出

以下是上述代码的输出:

└─$ sudo python3 sarika.py
file's owner id: 100
file's group id: 100
Owner id and group id of the file is changed successfully
file's owner id now is: 1500
file's group id now is: 1500

示例 - 2(Linux)

以下是在设置一个 ID 并保持另一个 ID 不变时的示例:

import os # File path = "C:\Users\Lenovo\Downloads\Work TP\trial.py" # Printing the current owner id and group id print("file's owner id:", os.stat(path).st_uid) print("file's group id:", os.stat(path).st_gid) # Changing only the owner id and leaving the group id unchanged # setting id as -1 to leave the group id unchanged uid = 200 gid = -1 os.chown(path, uid, gid) print("\nOwner id of the file is changed successfully leaving the group id unchanged") # Printing the owner id and group id of the file now print("\nfile's owner id now is:", os.stat(path).st_uid) print("file's group id now is:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出

以下是上述代码的输出。

└─$ sudo python3 sarika.py
[sudo] password for sarika:
file's owner id: 1500
file's group id: 1000

Owner id of the file is changed successfully leaving the group id unchanged

file's owner id now is: 200
file's group id now is: 1000

示例 - 3(Linux)

如果给定路径是符号链接,则以下是一个示例:

import os filepath = "C:\Users\Lenovo\Downloads\Work TP\trial.py" # Create a symlink symlink = "C:\Users\Lenovo\Downloads\Work TP\trial(symlink).py" os.symlink(filepath, symlink) print("file's owner id:", os.stat(filepath).st_uid) print("file's group id:", os.stat(filepath).st_gid) print("symlink's owner id:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) print("symlink's group id:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid) # Changing the owner of the symlink uid = 200 gid = 200 os.chown(symlink, uid, gid) print("\nfile's owner id and group id is changed successfully") # Printing the owner id, the group id and the symlink print("\nfile's owner id:", os.stat(filepath).st_uid) print("file's group id:", os.stat(filepath).st_gid) print("symlink's owner id:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) print("symlink's group id:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid) # Changing the owner of symlink pointing uid = 400 gid = 400 os.chown(symlink, uid, gid, follow_symlinks = False) print("\n The owner id and group id did not change") # Printing the owner id, the group id and the symlink print("\nfile's owner id:", os.stat(filepath).st_uid) print("file's group id:", os.stat(filepath).st_gid) print("symlink's owner id:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) print("symlink's group id:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)

输出

以下是上述代码的输出:

└─$ sudo python3 code1.py 
[sudo] password for govind: 
file's owner id: 1000 file's group id: 1000 
symlink's owner id: 1000 
symlink's group id: 1000 

file's owner id and group id is changed successfully 

file's owner id: 200 
file's group id: 200 
symlink's owner id: 200 
symlink's group id: 200

The owner id and group id did not change
   
file's owner id: 200 
file's group id: 200 
symlink's owner id: 200 
symlink's group id: 200

使用 shutil.chown() 方法

Python Shutil 模块提供了对文件和文件集合的各种高级操作。它属于 Python 的常用实用程序模块之一。此模块有助于自动化更改文件所有权和删除目录的过程。

可以使用 shutil.chown() 方法在 Python 中修改给定路径的所有者和/或组。

语法

shutil.chown(filepath, user = None, group = None)

示例

以下是如何使用 shutil.chown() 方法更改文件所有者的示例:

import shutil from pathlib import Path path = 'C:\Users\Lenovo\Downloads\Work TP\trial.py'
# Getting the owner and the user info = Path(path) user = info.owner() group = info.group() print("Present owner and group") print("Present owner:", user) print("Present group:", group) #changing the owner and the group uid = 10 gid = 10 shutil.chown(path, uid, gid) print("\nThe owner and the group is changed successfully") # Printing the owner user and group info = Path(path) user = info.owner() group = info.group() print("Present owner now:", user) print("Present group now:", group)

输出

以下是上述代码的输出:

$ sudo python3 code2.py
[sudo] password for sarika:
Present owner and group
Present owner: sarika
Present group: sarika

The owner and the group is changed successfully
Present owner now: uucp
Present group now: uucp

更新于:2022年8月18日

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