Rust 编程中的强制转换


在 Rust 中只允许强制转换或显式转换,编译器不会自动进行隐式转换。众所周知,在许多情况下,隐式转换会导致数据丢失,这是一个严重的问题。

在不同类型之间转换的规则与 C 语言非常相似。但是,在 Rust 中,当我们要从一种类型转换为另一种类型时,我们使用 as 关键字。

示例

考虑以下示例

 实时演示

// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow.
#![allow(overflowing_literals)]

fn main() {
   let decimal = 65.43_f32;

   // Error! No implicit conversion
   // let integer: u8 = decimal;
   // FIXME ^ Comment out this line

   // Explicit conversion
   let integer = decimal as u8;
   let character = integer as char;

   println!("Casting: {} -> {} -> {}", decimal, integer, character);
}

在上面的代码示例中,我们尝试将一个 float32 值转换为一个整数,然后将该整数转换为一个 char,最后将它们打印到终端。

输出

Casting: 65.43 -> 65 -> A

如果我们删除对隐式转换的注释,则编译器将抛出一个错误。

示例

考虑下面显示的更新后的代码

 实时演示

// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow.
#![allow(overflowing_literals)]

fn main() {
   let decimal = 65.43_f32;

   // Error! No implicit conversion
   let integer: u8 = decimal;
   
   // FIXME ^ Comment out this line
   // Explicit conversion

   let integer = decimal as u8;
   let character = integer as char;

   println!("Casting: {} -> {} -> {}", decimal, integer, character);
}

输出

error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> src/main.rs:8:23
|
8| let integer: u8 = decimal;
| -- ^^^^^^^ expected `u8`, found `f32`
| |
| expected due to this

从 Rust 1.45 开始,当我们将浮点数转换为整数时,‘as’ 关键字还会执行 饱和转换。

示例

考虑下面显示的代码作为一个示例

// Suppress all warnings from casts which overflow.
#![allow(overflowing_literals)]

fn main() {
   // 300.0 is 255
   println!("301.0 is {}", 301.0_f32 as u8);
   // -100.0 as u8 is 0
   println!("-101.0 as u8 is {}", -101.0_f32 as u8);
   // nan as u8 is 0
   println!("nan as u8 is {}", f32::NAN as u8);
}

输出

301.0 is 255
-101.0 as u8 is 0
nan as u8 is 0

最后更新时间:03-04-2021

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