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法律研究检查 Linux 磁盘分区和使用情况的实用工具
如果您是一名系统管理员，那么您应该了解这些管理磁盘空间的工具。本文介绍了如何在 Linux 中检查 Linux 磁盘分区和使用情况。
Fdisk
Fdisk 是一个基于文本的实用程序。通过使用 fdisk，您可以创建新的分区，删除现有分区或更改现有分区。
要获取有关 fdisk 的更多信息，请使用以下命令：
$ fdisk
示例输出如下：
Usage: fdisk [options] change partition table fdisk [options] -l [] list partition table(s) Display or manipulate a disk partition table. Options: -b, --sector-size physical and logical sector size -B, --protect-boot don't erase bootbits when create a new label -c, --compatibility[=] mode is 'dos' or 'nondos' (default) -L, --color[=] colorize output (auto, always or colors are enabled by default -l, --list display partitions end exit -o, --output output columns -t, --type recognize specified partition table type only -u, --units[=] display units: 'cylinders' or 'sectors' (default) -s, --getsz display device size in 512-byte sectors [DEPRECATED] --bytes print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format -C, --cylinders specify the number of cylinders -H, --heads specify the number of heads -S, --sectors specify the number of sectors per track -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit Available columns (for -o): gpt: Device Start End Sectors Size Type Type-UUID Attrs Name UUID dos: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs Boot End-C/H/S Start-C/H/S bsd: Slice Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Bsize Cpg Fsize sgi: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs sun: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Flags ..........................................................................................
要获取设备列表，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo fdisk -l
示例输出如下：
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
sfdisk
sfdisk 是一个基于脚本的工具，用于显示或操作磁盘分区表。
要获取有关 sfdisk 的更多信息，请使用以下命令：
$ man sfdisk
示例输出如下：
SFDISK(8) System Administration SFDISK(8) NAME sfdisk - display or manipulate a disk partition table SYNOPSIS sfdisk [options] device [-N partition-number] sfdisk [options] command DESCRIPTION sfdisk is a script-oriented tool for partitioning any block device. Since version 2.26 sfdisk supports MBR (DOS), GPT, SUN and SGI disk labels, but no longer provides any tionality for CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing. CHS has never been important for Linux, and this addressing concept does not make any sense for new devices. sfdisk (since version 2.26) aligns the start and end of partitions to block-device I/O limits when relative sizes are specified, or when the default values are used. sfdisk does not create the standard system partitions for SGI and SUN disk labels like fdisk(8) does. It necessary to explicitly create all partitions including whole-disk system partitions. ........................................................................................
要获取设备列表，请使用以下命令：
$ sfdisk -l
示例输出如下：
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
lsblk
lsblk 提供有关所有或特定块设备的信息。要获取有关 lsblk 的更多信息，请使用以下命令：
$ man lsblk
示例输出如下：
LSBLK(8) System Administration LSBLK(8) NAME lsblk - list block devices SYNOPSIS lsblk [options] [device...] DESCRIPTION lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block devices. The lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem and udev db to gather information. The command prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in a tree-like format by default. Use lsblk --help to get a list of all available columns. The default output, as well as the default output from options like --fs and --topology, is subject to change. So whenever pos‐sible, you should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using --output col‐umns-list in environments where a stable output is required. Note that lsblk might be executed in time when udev does not have all information about recently added or modified devices yet. In this case it is recommended to use udevadm settle before lsblk to synchronize with udev. .................................................................................................
要获取设备列表，请使用以下命令：
$ lsblk
示例输出如下：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 462.3G 0 part / ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 3.4G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
lsscsi
它提供有关当前连接到系统的 SCSI 设备（或主机）列表的信息。要获取有关 lsscsi 的更多信息，请使用以下命令：
$ man lsscsi
示例输出如下：
NAME lsscsi - list SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes SYNOPSIS lsscsi [--classic] [--device] [--generic] [--help] [--hosts] [--kname] [--list] [--lunhex] [--long] [-- protection] [--protmode] [--scsi_id] [--size] [--sysfsroot=PATH] [--transport] [--verbose] [--version] [--wwn] [H:C:T:L] DESCRIPTION Uses information in sysfs (Linux kernel series 2.6 and later) to list SCSI devices (or hosts) currently attached to the system.Options can be used to control the amount and form of information provided for each device. If a H:C:T:L argument is given then it acts as a filter and only devices that match it are listed. The colons don't have to be present, and '-', '*', '?' or missing arguments at the end are interpreted as wildcards. The default is '*:*:*:*' which means to match everything. Any filter string using '*' of '?' should be surrounded by single or double quotes to stop shell expansions. If '-' is used as a wildcard then the whole filter argument should be prefixed by '-- ' to tell this utility there are no more options on the command line to be interpreted. A leading '[' and trailing ']' are permitted (e.g. '[1:0:0]' matches all LUNs on 1:0:0). May also be used to filter --hosts in which case only the H is active and may be either a number or in the form "host" where is a host number. ............................................................................................
要获取当前连接的 SCSI 设备（或主机）列表，请使用以下命令：
$ lsscsi
示例输出如下：
[0:0:0:0] disk ATA WDC WD5000LPVX-7 1A01 /dev/sda [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd TSSTcorp DVD+-RW SU-208FB D200 /dev/sr0
在这篇文章中，我们学习了一些非常有用的工具——“在 Linux 中检查 Linux 磁盘分区和使用情况”。在我们的下一篇文章中，我们将提供更多基于 Linux 的技巧和提示。继续关注！
更新于： 2019年10月22日
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