在Java中重写抛出异常的方法时应遵循的准则?
当父类方法抛出异常时,在重写该方法时,需要遵循某些规则。
应该抛出相同的异常或子类型异常
如果父类方法抛出某种异常,则子类中的方法应该抛出相同的异常或其子类型异常。
示例
在下面的示例中,父类的readFile()方法抛出IOEXception,而子类的readFile()方法抛出FileNotFoundException异常。
由于FileNotFoundException异常是IOException的子类型,因此此程序可以编译和执行而不会出现任何错误。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super{ public String readFile(String path) throws IOException{ throw new IOException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { @Override public String readFile(String path) throws FileNotFoundException { Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("E://test//sample.txt")); String input; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (sc.hasNextLine()) { input = sc.nextLine(); sb.append(" "+input); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String args[]) { String path = "E://test//sample.txt"; ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); try{ System.out.println(obj.readFile(path)); } catch(FileNotFoundException e){ System.out.println("Make sure the specified file exists"); } } }
输出
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同样,如果子类抛出与父类相同的异常,则程序可以成功编译和执行。
示例
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super{ public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException{ System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super{ public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
输出
Method of Subclass
不应抛出超类型异常
如果父类方法抛出某种异常,则子类中的方法不应抛出其超类型异常。
示例
在下面的示例中,父类的readFile()方法抛出FileNotFoundException异常,而子类的readFile()方法抛出IOException异常,它是FileNotFoundException的超类型。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super{ public String readFile(String path)throws FileNotFoundException{ throw new FileNotFoundException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super{ @Override public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { //method body ...... } }
编译时错误
编译时,上面的程序会给出以下输出:
输出
ExceptionsExample.java:13: error: readFile(String) in ExceptionsExample cannot override readFile(String) in Sup public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { ^ overridden method does not throw IOException 1 error
不抛出任何异常
如果父类方法抛出某种异常,则可以重写它而不抛出任何异常。
在下面的示例中,父类的sampleMethod()方法抛出FileNotFoundException异常,而sampleMethod()方法根本不抛出任何异常。此程序仍然可以编译和执行而不会出现任何错误。
示例
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super{ public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException{ System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super{ public void sampleMethod() { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
输出
Method of Subclass
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