如何在 Ruby 中使用封装？

封装是指将数据打包到一个单元中的功能。简单来说，它是一种将数据和操作数据代码打包的机制。在 Ruby 中，我们可以借助类实现封装。

我们考虑一个非常简单的示例，在其中将实现封装。

示例 1

考虑如下所示的代码

Open Compiler
class Document
   attr_accessor :name

   def initialize(name)
      @name = name
   end

   def set_name(name)
      @name = name
   end
end

d = Document.new('TP')
d.set_name('TutorialsPoint')

puts d.name

输出

它将产生以下输出 -

TutorialsPoint

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示例 2

让我们考虑另一个Ruby 封装示例。

Open Compiler
class EncapsulationExample
   def initialize(id, name, addr)
      # Instance Variables
      @cust_id = id
      @cust_name = name
      @cust_addr = addr
   end

   # displaying result
   def print_details()
      puts "Customer id: #@cust_id"
      puts "Customer name: #@cust_name"
      puts "Customer address: #@cust_addr"
   end
end

# Create the Objects
cust1 = EncapsulationExample.new("1", "Mike", "Himalaya Pride Apartments, Noida")
cust2 = EncapsulationExample.new("2", "Rahul", "New Empire road, LA")

# Call the Methods
cust1.print_details()
cust2.print_details()

输出

它将产生以下输出 -

Customer id: 1
Customer name: Mike
Customer address: Himalaya Pride Apartments, Noida
Customer id: 2
Customer name: Rahul
Customer address: New Empire road, LA

更新于： 12-4-2022

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