如何使用JDBC API为数据库表中的列添加NOT NULL约束?
您可以使用ALTER TABLE命令为表的列添加非空约束。
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype NOT NULL;
假设我们有一个名为Dispatches的数据库表,其中包含7列,分别是id、CustomerName、DispatchDate、DeliveryTime、Price和Location,其描述如下所示。
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
下面的JDBC程序建立与MySQL数据库的连接,并为名为CustomerName的列添加NOT NULL约束。
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; public class NotNull_Constraint { public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException { //Registering the Driver DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver()); //Getting the connection String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/mydatabase"; Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password"); System.out.println("Connection established......"); //Creating the Statement Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); //Query to alter the table String query = "ALTER TABLE Sales MODIFY CustomerName varchar(255) NOT NULL"; //Executing the query stmt.executeUpdate(query); System.out.println("Constraint added......"); } }
输出
Connection established...... Constraint added......
由于我们在名为id CustomerName的列上添加了NOT NULL约束,如果您使用describe命令获取Sales表的描述,您可以在CustomerName的NULL列下看到NO值。
mysql> describe sales; +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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