如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建响应式幻灯片?


在本文中,我们将借助JavaScriptCSS创建一个响应式幻灯片。

响应式幻灯片,或者我们可以称之为响应式图片滑块,或者带有文字的响应式图片滑块,是一种视觉上具有吸引力和交互性的设计元素,它会让你的网站访客参与进来,它将包含一个或多个带有文字叠加的图片。

也就是说,它会显示一系列带有文字的图片。它还提供两个箭头按钮,您可以使用它们浏览图片(双向)。

这用于在网页上呈现一系列图片,占用较少的空间,并且这些图片易于访问。

在本例中,我们正在创建一个显示“响应式幻灯片”的网页。

Example.html

创建一个HTML文件,我们将在其中定义页面的结构(视图)。在本例中,使用 HTML 代码,我们正在创建当前页面,其中包含所需的图片,一个响应式图片幻灯片。

<body>
   <!--HTML-->
   <div class="slideshow-container">
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">1 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/57652/pexels-photo-57652.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
         <div class="text">One</div>
      </div>
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">2 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3540375/pexels-photo-3540375.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=2&h=650&w=940" />
         <div class="text">Two</div>
      </div>
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">3 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/811029/pexels-photo-811029.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
         <div class="text">Three</div>
      </div>
      <a class="prev" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
      <a class="next" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
   </div>
   <br/>

   <div style="text-align: center">
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(1)"></span>
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(2)"></span>
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(3)"></span>
   </div>

Example.css

添加CSS 样式以提供大小和效果以获得外观。在本例中,我们正在为幻灯片设置样式。

<style>
   /* CSS */
   
   * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
   }
   
   body {
      font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;
      margin: 0;
   }
   
   .mySlides {
      display: none;
   }
   
   img {
      vertical-align: middle;
      width: 100%;
      height: 400px;
   }
   
   /* Slideshow container */
   
   .slideshow-container {
      max-width: 100vw;
      position: relative;
      margin-top: 5%;
   }
   
   /* Next & previous buttons */
   
   .prev,
   .next {
      cursor: pointer;
      position: absolute;
      top: 50%;
      width: auto;
      padding: 16px;
      margin-top: -22px;
      color: white;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 18px;
      transition: 0.6s ease;
      border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
      user-select: none;
   }
   
   /* Position the "next button" to the right */
   
   .next {
      right: 0;
      border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
   }
   
   /* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */
   
   .prev:hover,
   .next:hover {
      background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
   }
   
   /* Caption text */
   
   .text {
      color: #ff0000;
      font-size: 15px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      text-align: center;
   }
   
   /* Number text (1/3 etc) */
   
   .numbertext {
      color: #f2f2f2;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
   }
   
   /* The dots/bullets/indicators */
   
   .dot {
      cursor: pointer;
      height: 15px;
      width: 15px;
      margin: 0 2px;
      background-color: #bbb;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: inline-block;
      transition: background-color 0.6s ease;
   }
   
   .active,
   .dot:hover {
      background-color: #46dc5a;
   }
   
   /* Fading animation */
   
   .fade {
      animation-name: fade;
      animation-duration: 1.5s;
   }
   
   @keyframes fade {
      from {
         opacity: 0.4;
      }
      to {
         opacity: 1;
      }
   }
   
   /* On smaller screens, decrease text size */
   
   @media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
      .prev,
      .next,
      .text {
         font-size: 11px;
      }
   }
</style>

Example.js

在本例中,使用两个按钮 prev 和 next 创建幻灯片。并将图片的长度传递到 JavaScript 数组中以迭代从第一个到最后一个的图片,或者我们可以通过单击按钮进行前后切换。

<script>
   /* javascript Code */
   let slideIndex = 1; //set index at images first
   showSlides(slideIndex);
   
   function plusSlides(n) {
      showSlides((slideIndex += n));
   }
   
   function currentSlide(n) {
      showSlides((slideIndex = n));
   }
   
   function showSlides(n) {
      let i;
      let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
      let dots = document.getElementsByClassName("dot");
      if (n > slides.length) {
         slideIndex = 1;
      }
      if (n < 1) {
         slideIndex = slides.length;
      }
      for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
         slides[i].style.display = "none";
      }
      for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
         dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
      }
      slides[slideIndex - 1].style.display = "block";
      dots[slideIndex - 1].className += " active";
   }
</script>

完整示例

以下是如何借助CSS、HTML、Javascript媒体查询创建响应式幻灯片的示例。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
   <style>
   /* CSS */

   * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
   }

   body {
      font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;
      margin: 0;
   }

   .mySlides {
      display: none;
   }

   img {
      vertical-align: middle;
      width: 100%;
      height: 400px;
   }

   /* Slideshow container */

   .slideshow-container {
      max-width: 100vw;
      position: relative;
      margin-top: 5%;
   }

   /* Next & previous buttons */

   .prev,
   .next {
      cursor: pointer;
      position: absolute;
      top: 50%;
      width: auto;
      padding: 16px;
      margin-top: -22px;
      color: white;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 18px;
      transition: 0.6s ease;
      border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
      user-select: none;
   }

   /* Position the "next button" to the right */

   .next {
      right: 0;
      border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
   }

   /* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */

   .prev:hover,
   .next:hover {
      background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
   }

   /* Caption text */

   .text {
      color: #ff0000;
      font-size: 15px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      position: absolute;
      bottom: 8px;
      width: 100%;
      text-align: center;
   }

   /* Number text (1/3 etc) */

   .numbertext {
      color: #f2f2f2;
      font-size: 12px;
      padding: 8px 12px;
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
   }

   /* The dots/bullets/indicators */

   .dot {
      cursor: pointer;
      height: 15px;
      width: 15px;
      margin: 0 2px;
      background-color: #bbb;
      border-radius: 50%;
      display: inline-block;
      transition: background-color 0.6s ease;
   }

   .active,
   .dot:hover {
      background-color: #46dc5a;
   }

   /* Fading animation */

   .fade {
      animation-name: fade;
      animation-duration: 1.5s;
   }

   @keyframes fade {
      from {
         opacity: 0.4;
      }
      to {
         opacity: 1;
      }
   }

   /* On smaller screens, decrease text size */

   @media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
      .prev,
      .next,
      .text {
         font-size: 11px;
      }
   }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <!--HTML-->
   <div class="slideshow-container">
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">1 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/57652/pexels-photo-57652.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
         <div class="text">One</div>
      </div>
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">2 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3540375/pexels-photo-3540375.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=2&h=650&w=940" />
         <div class="text">Two</div>
      </div>
      <div class="mySlides fade">
         <div class="numbertext">3 / 3</div>
         <img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/811029/pexels-photo-811029.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
         <div class="text">Three</div>
      </div>
      <a class="prev" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
      <a class="next" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
   </div>
   <br />
   <div style="text-align: center">
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(1)"></span>
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(2)"></span>
      <span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(3)"></span>
   </div>
   <script>
   /* javascript Code */
   let slideIndex = 1;
   showSlides(slideIndex);

   function plusSlides(n) {
      showSlides((slideIndex += n));
   }

   function currentSlide(n) {
      showSlides((slideIndex = n));
   }

   function showSlides(n) {
      let i;
      let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
      let dots = document.getElementsByClassName("dot");
      if (n > slides.length) {
         slideIndex = 1;
      }
      if (n < 1) {
         slideIndex = slides.length;
      }
      for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
         slides[i].style.display = "none";
      }
      for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
         dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
      }
      slides[slideIndex - 1].style.display = "block";
      dots[slideIndex - 1].className += " active";
   }
   </script>
</body>
</html>

更新于: 2022-12-19

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