如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建响应式幻灯片?
在本文中,我们将借助JavaScript和CSS创建一个响应式幻灯片。
响应式幻灯片,或者我们可以称之为响应式图片滑块,或者带有文字的响应式图片滑块,是一种视觉上具有吸引力和交互性的设计元素,它会让你的网站访客参与进来,它将包含一个或多个带有文字叠加的图片。
也就是说,它会显示一系列带有文字的图片。它还提供两个箭头按钮,您可以使用它们浏览图片(双向)。
这用于在网页上呈现一系列图片,占用较少的空间,并且这些图片易于访问。
在本例中,我们正在创建一个显示“响应式幻灯片”的网页。
Example.html
创建一个HTML文件,我们将在其中定义页面的结构(视图)。在本例中,使用 HTML 代码,我们正在创建当前页面,其中包含所需的图片,一个响应式图片幻灯片。
<body>
<!--HTML-->
<div class="slideshow-container">
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">1 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/57652/pexels-photo-57652.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
<div class="text">One</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">2 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3540375/pexels-photo-3540375.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=2&h=650&w=940" />
<div class="text">Two</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">3 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/811029/pexels-photo-811029.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
<div class="text">Three</div>
</div>
<a class="prev" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
<a class="next" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
</div>
<br/>
<div style="text-align: center">
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(1)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(2)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(3)"></span>
</div>
Example.css
添加CSS 样式以提供大小和效果以获得外观。在本例中,我们正在为幻灯片设置样式。
<style>
/* CSS */
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
}
.mySlides {
display: none;
}
img {
vertical-align: middle;
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
}
/* Slideshow container */
.slideshow-container {
max-width: 100vw;
position: relative;
margin-top: 5%;
}
/* Next & previous buttons */
.prev,
.next {
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: auto;
padding: 16px;
margin-top: -22px;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 18px;
transition: 0.6s ease;
border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
user-select: none;
}
/* Position the "next button" to the right */
.next {
right: 0;
border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
}
/* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */
.prev:hover,
.next:hover {
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
}
/* Caption text */
.text {
color: #ff0000;
font-size: 15px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
bottom: 8px;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
/* Number text (1/3 etc) */
.numbertext {
color: #f2f2f2;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
/* The dots/bullets/indicators */
.dot {
cursor: pointer;
height: 15px;
width: 15px;
margin: 0 2px;
background-color: #bbb;
border-radius: 50%;
display: inline-block;
transition: background-color 0.6s ease;
}
.active,
.dot:hover {
background-color: #46dc5a;
}
/* Fading animation */
.fade {
animation-name: fade;
animation-duration: 1.5s;
}
@keyframes fade {
from {
opacity: 0.4;
}
to {
opacity: 1;
}
}
/* On smaller screens, decrease text size */
@media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.prev,
.next,
.text {
font-size: 11px;
}
}
</style>
Example.js
在本例中,使用两个按钮 prev 和 next 创建幻灯片。并将图片的长度传递到 JavaScript 数组中以迭代从第一个到最后一个的图片,或者我们可以通过单击按钮进行前后切换。
<script>
/* javascript Code */
let slideIndex = 1; //set index at images first
showSlides(slideIndex);
function plusSlides(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex += n));
}
function currentSlide(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex = n));
}
function showSlides(n) {
let i;
let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
let dots = document.getElementsByClassName("dot");
if (n > slides.length) {
slideIndex = 1;
}
if (n < 1) {
slideIndex = slides.length;
}
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
}
for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
}
slides[slideIndex - 1].style.display = "block";
dots[slideIndex - 1].className += " active";
}
</script>
完整示例
以下是如何借助CSS、HTML、Javascript和媒体查询创建响应式幻灯片的示例。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<style>
/* CSS */
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
}
.mySlides {
display: none;
}
img {
vertical-align: middle;
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
}
/* Slideshow container */
.slideshow-container {
max-width: 100vw;
position: relative;
margin-top: 5%;
}
/* Next & previous buttons */
.prev,
.next {
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: auto;
padding: 16px;
margin-top: -22px;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 18px;
transition: 0.6s ease;
border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
user-select: none;
}
/* Position the "next button" to the right */
.next {
right: 0;
border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
}
/* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */
.prev:hover,
.next:hover {
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
}
/* Caption text */
.text {
color: #ff0000;
font-size: 15px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
bottom: 8px;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
/* Number text (1/3 etc) */
.numbertext {
color: #f2f2f2;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
/* The dots/bullets/indicators */
.dot {
cursor: pointer;
height: 15px;
width: 15px;
margin: 0 2px;
background-color: #bbb;
border-radius: 50%;
display: inline-block;
transition: background-color 0.6s ease;
}
.active,
.dot:hover {
background-color: #46dc5a;
}
/* Fading animation */
.fade {
animation-name: fade;
animation-duration: 1.5s;
}
@keyframes fade {
from {
opacity: 0.4;
}
to {
opacity: 1;
}
}
/* On smaller screens, decrease text size */
@media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.prev,
.next,
.text {
font-size: 11px;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--HTML-->
<div class="slideshow-container">
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">1 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/57652/pexels-photo-57652.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
<div class="text">One</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">2 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3540375/pexels-photo-3540375.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=2&h=650&w=940" />
<div class="text">Two</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides fade">
<div class="numbertext">3 / 3</div>
<img src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/811029/pexels-photo-811029.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" />
<div class="text">Three</div>
</div>
<a class="prev" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
<a class="next" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center">
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(1)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(2)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(3)"></span>
</div>
<script>
/* javascript Code */
let slideIndex = 1;
showSlides(slideIndex);
function plusSlides(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex += n));
}
function currentSlide(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex = n));
}
function showSlides(n) {
let i;
let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
let dots = document.getElementsByClassName("dot");
if (n > slides.length) {
slideIndex = 1;
}
if (n < 1) {
slideIndex = slides.length;
}
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
}
for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
}
slides[slideIndex - 1].style.display = "block";
dots[slideIndex - 1].className += " active";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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