如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建响应式模态图片?
模态框是一个对话框/弹出窗口,显示在当前页面的顶部。
要创建响应式模态图片,我们使用 JavaScript 触发模态框并在点击时在其中显示当前图片。此外,我们还在模态框中使用 alt 属性作为图片标题文本。
响应式模态图片是指根据其大小、设备分辨率、方向和页面布局调整大小以适应窗口的图片。这些图片通常通过鼠标点击放大。它们也可以从网络浏览器中一键下载。
在这个例子中,我们正在创建一个显示“模态图片”的网页。
Example.html
创建一个HTML文件,在其中定义页面的结构(视图)。在这个例子中,我们使用 HTML 代码创建当前页面,其中包含所需的图片和响应式模态图片。
<body>
<h2>Image Modal</h2>
<img id="myImg" src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3341110/pexels-photo-3341110.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" alt="Old Home" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px" />
<!-- The Modal -->
<div id="myModal" class="modal">
<span class="close">×</span>
<img class="modal-content" id="img01" />
<div id="caption"></div>
</div>
Example.css
添加CSS样式来设置大小和效果。在这个例子中,我们为模态图片设置样式,并在每次点击图片时添加一个效果,使其以全宽全高显示。
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
#myImg {
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: 0.3s;
}
#myImg:hover {
opacity: 0.7;
}
/* The Modal */
.modal {
display: none;
/* Hidden by default */
position: fixed;
/* Stay in place */
z-index: 1;
/* Sit on top */
padding-top: 100px;
/* Location of the box */
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
/* Full width */
height: 100%;
/* Full height */
overflow: auto;
/* Enable scroll if needed */
background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
/* Fallback color */
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
/* Black w/ opacity */
}
/* Modal Content (image) */
.modal-content {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 700px;
}
/* Caption of Modal Image */
#caption {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 700px;
text-align: center;
color: #ccc;
padding: 10px 0;
height: 150px;
}
/* Add Animation */
.modal-content,
#caption {
-webkit-animation-name: zoom;
-webkit-animation-duration: 0.6s;
animation-name: zoom;
animation-duration: 0.6s;
}
@-webkit-keyframes zoom {
from {
-webkit-transform: scale(0);
}
to {
-webkit-transform: scale(1);
}
}
@keyframes zoom {
from {
transform: scale(0);
}
to {
transform: scale(1);
}
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
right: 35px;
color: #f1f1f1;
font-size: 40px;
font-weight: bold;
transition: 0.3s;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #bbb;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* 100% Image Width on Smaller Screens */
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.modal-content {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
Example.js
使用JavaScript,我们可以执行验证并在页面上处理事件。在这个例子中,创建响应式模态图片,如果点击图片,则会以全视图显示。在 JavaScript 中,使用 DOM 调用图片 src 并设置图片样式以显示块。
<script>
// Get the modal
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
var img = document.getElementById("myImg");
var modalImg = document.getElementById("img01");
var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");
img.onclick = function() {
modal.style.display = "block";
modalImg.src = this.src;
captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
};
// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close")[0];
// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
span.onclick = function() {
modal.style.display = "none";
};
</script>
完整示例
以下是使用CSS、HTML、JavaScript和媒体查询创建响应式图片模态框的完整示例。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
#myImg {
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: 0.3s;
}
#myImg:hover {
opacity: 0.7;
}
/* The Modal */
.modal {
display: none;
/* Hidden by default */
position: fixed;
/* Stay in place */
z-index: 1;
/* Sit on top */
padding-top: 100px;
/* Location of the box */
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
/* Full width */
height: 100%;
/* Full height */
overflow: auto;
/* Enable scroll if needed */
background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
/* Fallback color */
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
/* Black w/ opacity */
}
/* Modal Content (image) */
.modal-content {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 700px;
}
/* Caption of Modal Image */
#caption {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 700px;
text-align: center;
color: #ccc;
padding: 10px 0;
height: 150px;
}
/* Add Animation */
.modal-content,
#caption {
-webkit-animation-name: zoom;
-webkit-animation-duration: 0.6s;
animation-name: zoom;
animation-duration: 0.6s;
}
@-webkit-keyframes zoom {
from {
-webkit-transform: scale(0);
}
to {
-webkit-transform: scale(1);
}
}
@keyframes zoom {
from {
transform: scale(0);
}
to {
transform: scale(1);
}
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
right: 35px;
color: #f1f1f1;
font-size: 40px;
font-weight: bold;
transition: 0.3s;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #bbb;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* 100% Image Width on Smaller Screens */
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.modal-content {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Image Modal</h2>
<img id="myImg" src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3341110/pexels-photo-3341110.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=1" alt="Old Home" style="width: 100%; max-width: 300px" />
<!-- The Modal -->
<div id="myModal" class="modal">
<span class="close">×</span>
<img class="modal-content" id="img01" />
<div id="caption"></div>
</div>
<script>
// Get the modal
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
var img = document.getElementById("myImg");
var modalImg = document.getElementById("img01");
var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");
img.onclick = function() {
modal.style.display = "block";
modalImg.src = this.src;
captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
};
// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close")[0];
// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
span.onclick = function() {
modal.style.display = "none";
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
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