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法律研究如何在 Linux 中生成/加密/解密随机密码
安全是网络世界中主要关注的问题之一。网络安全，也称为信息技术安全，专注于保护计算机、网络、程序和数据免受意外或未经授权的访问、更改或破坏。我们使用密码来保护计算机、电子邮件、云、手机、文档等等。我们都知道选择易于记忆且难以猜测的密码的基本知识。但是，如果用户想要加密或解密密码，那么 Linux 为您提供了许多选项。
本文介绍了“如何在 Linux 中生成/加密/解密随机密码”。
PWGen
PwGen 是一个随机唯一的密码生成器。要安装 PWGen，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo apt-get install pwgen
示例输出应如下所示：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl ..........................................
要生成长度等于 10 个字符的随机唯一密码，请使用以下命令：
$ pwgen 5 1
示例输出应如下所示：
$ pwgen 10 1 lah6M
要生成多个字符长度为 50 的随机唯一密码，请使用以下命令：
$ pwgen 50
示例输出应如下所示：
$ pwgen 50 Meepahshoo4ee9kohvezah8fu0Ox0neogh9iechoo9thoocooM ye7ieliiGhief6ohquahf4leithei7sugh6shu3nooy6ooz7Ae ieng0shefaizeezoo6ila5Ecee0iu9aaquaiwie8chi1yoh4ah iiw7Noogh1hi5iga2queepheiCahyaghiesie2yaexeifeifoo lunu9Aic1iepah4Bei8wenee4aer1aiVaing1hoh7eiphiu1le kooquifooFai3uK7Gai8Ix9oph8oolah0ohp2iheiChaepudie caiTiem3ilies0nietetheevei2oatoeloh7iLooPi8Beeneey esug8ahmait6reepheaBoo8goequ2Bu9oodoo5rahkaeweequa nie4ahgheida2xiij6hak7ke5lu0ugh1otah7Feir8iefoDaum noy1chep2da3eu7sheicohZaighai8aem9feec8bohmei2eemu zu8Aec3Pei6ol2ahteexoc3goQuaisai4upaj5chepha6ahsh4 lah4aedahTee2ki6zou4uphoBoh5Ooyeixaihiu5fuoYah7Tei ooS6ku2Ia9Eilohchubais7yoxeephohS9Eath9Pequ3aengae Ooqui3goeko1loh6ooshaikiahi4noxaiDuiP2Ohruroh2ohba pa3quee7Lagheengae9iR3fooHooXa0Ioth0ieMee2pe2Ain9h maife3eiLerooh3to0eeGee6ahHo0aeT9Eef7axa7eiY4LaeP2 aech0AiWuoTheeGeno6NoWahgh0shish8quoo3Chu0uoxahmie paihay0aip3iexaseidah1OhRoo3Eeniemulah8oG7VobeaThi seequ2akooW6Teij2aico6aivohT3eshaeri0Gohjaigiohixu pee8eith4Rinodeequoh2Eipowuvool7ohquu8eibai4haih1h
makepasswd
makepasswd 用于根据选择生成给定长度的随机、唯一的密码。要安装 makepasswd，请使用以下命令：
$ sudo apt-get install makepasswd
示例输出应如下所示：
Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libosmesa6:i386 .........................................
要生成字符长度为 10 的随机密码（默认值为 10），请使用以下命令：
$ makepasswd
示例输出应如下所示：
$ makepasswd c0CgufUg
要生成字符长度为 50 的随机密码，请使用以下命令：
$ makepasswd --char 40
示例输出应如下所示：
$ makepasswd --char 50 HCvvXipXmc7idBcWHt8UcjcX21xvC9P700NgCAoM
要生成 10 个 20 个字符的随机密码，请使用以下命令：
$ makepasswd --char 20 --count 10
示例输出应如下所示：
$ makepasswd --char 20 --count 10 b8aotAGE83WqpNXb6tms XBItn0UenWhc4dNixcBD uE5Km8J8ssHIThhSBWnS XFcfA50Ew6iD0WxwsuKn 3e4nxDU0F3WtzLE7WNoV G640DxC3XsrFQRgFtHho THXKMI65qojzGCVsmje8 LmhK9ScX9uJCE2mDgEYD p9YU7eWI4CN9cxeiLUGn rraxYCpGUNjiFvXmNJha
要加密密码，请使用 **mkpasswd** 命令。安装 **mkpasswd** 如下所示：
$ sudo apt-get install whois
示例输出应如下所示：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 ......................................
要使用 **mkpasswd** 加密密码，请使用以下命令：
$ mkpasswd tutorialspoint
示例输出应如下所示：
$ mkpasswd tutorialspoint V8dIs6XzLXB7c
要使用 **aes-256-cbc** 加密加密密码，请使用以下命令：
$ echo Tutorialspoint-is-a-best-online-resouce | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint
示例输出应如下所示：
$ echo Tutorialspoint-is-a-best-online-resouce | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint U2FsdGVkX19TJ9x2yI18KoP1TzIbyCQhkrK8uShPTm3CtLaZpI4YkOQG3O8RcQnX wymb1bWnshJXkFeyATgCQw==
要解密上述字符串，请使用以下命令：
$ echo U2FsdGVkX19TJ9x2yI18KoP1TzIbyCQhkrK8uShPTm3CtLaZpI4YkOQG3O8RcQnX | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -d -salt -pass pass:tutorialspoint
示例输出应如下所示：
Tutorialspoint-is-a-best-online-resouce
恭喜！现在，您知道了“如何在 Linux 中生成/加密/解密随机密码”。我们将在下一篇文章中学习更多关于此类命令的信息。请继续关注！
更新于：2019 年 10 月 21 日
89 次浏览
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