如何在Oracle中执行字符串聚合/连接?


问题陈述

您想在Oracle中将字符串连接为逗号分隔的文本。

解决方案

Oracle有几种方法可以执行字符串聚合。在互联网上流行的常见用法是将多行转换为带分隔符的单行。

从Oracle 11.2版本开始,添加了一个新的内置函数,称为listagg,它执行字符串聚合。listagg函数使用两个参数,第一个是我们想要聚合的字符串列或表达式,第二个是可选参数,是在聚合结果中的字符串之间添加的分隔符。`within group`是强制性的,它要求我们指定一个`order by`子句,该子句告诉Oracle应该按什么顺序聚合字符串。

为了演示字符串聚合的用法,我们将使用students表找出FI_ACCOUNT职位角色ID下的资源。

示例

SELECT class_id,        first_name || ' ' || last_name FROM students WHERE class_id = 'INS_STAFF' ;

执行后,我们在该职位角色下有5个资源。我们将使用listagg函数将这5个资源从多行转换为以逗号作为分隔符的单行。

INS_STAFF   BROWN MICHAEL INS_STAFF   JONES WILLIAM INS_STAFF   MILLER DAVID INS_STAFF   DAVIS RICHARD INS_STAFF   GARCIA CHARLES

SQL:字符串聚合

SELECT class_id,        LISTAGG(first_name || ' ' || last_name , ', ' ) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY first_name)   FROM students WHERE class_id = 'INS_STAFF' GROUP BY class_id ;

INS_STAFF   BROWN MICHAEL, DAVIS RICHARD, GARCIA CHARLES, JONES WILLIAM, MILLER DAVID

我们可以进一步将此应用于所有Job ID的整个表。

示例

SELECT class_id,        LISTAGG(first_name || ' ' || last_name , ', ' ) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY first_name)   FROM students GROUP BY class_id ;

输出:SQL中的几行

CL_MATH         ANDERSON DANIEL, MARTINEZ CHRISTOPHER, TAYLOR PAUL, THOMAS MARK, WILSON THOMAS CL_PHY          RODRIGUEZ JOSEPH INS_CHAIRMAN    SMITH JAMES INS_STAFF       BROWN MICHAEL, DAVIS RICHARD, GARCIA CHARLES, JONES WILLIAM, MILLER DAVID INS_VP          JOHNSON JOHN, WILLIAMS ROBERT

listagg函数易于使用,并且作为内置函数具有高性能。但也有一些缺点:

  1. 它不能返回大于4,000或32,767字节的字符串。
  2. 在Oracle 19c之前,它不能进行distinct聚合。
  3. 在11.2之前的版本中不存在。

数据不适合4000字节的最常见情况之一是数据不是唯一的。如果您的数据库版本为19c或更高版本,您可以进行distinct字符串聚合,使较少的出现次数可能适合varchar2。

SQL:带有Distinct子句的字符串聚合

SELECT class_id,        LISTAGG( DISTINCT first_name || ' ' || last_name , ', ' ) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY first_name)   FROM students GROUP BY class_id ;

输出

CL_MATH         ANDERSON DANIEL, MARTINEZ CHRISTOPHER, TAYLOR PAUL, THOMAS MARK, WILSON THOMAS CL_PHY          RODRIGUEZ JOSEPH INS_CHAIRMAN    SMITH JAMES INS_STAFF       BROWN MICHAEL, DAVIS RICHARD, GARCIA CHARLES, JONES WILLIAM, MILLER DAVID INS_VP          JOHNSON JOHN, WILLIAMS ROBERT

数据准备:下面显示了用于该问题的数据。

示例

DROP TABLE students;
COMMIT;

CREATE TABLE students
    ( student_id     NUMBER(6)
    , first_name     VARCHAR2(20)
    , last_name      VARCHAR2(25) 
    , email          VARCHAR2(40) 
    , phone_number   VARCHAR2(20)
    , join_date      DATE 
    , class_id       VARCHAR2(20)  
    , fees           NUMBER(8,2)
    , professor_id   NUMBER(6)
    , department_id  NUMBER(4) 
    ) ;

示例

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX stu_id_pk ON students (student_id) ;
INSERT INTO students VALUES (100,'SMITH','JAMES','[email protected]','111.111.1245',TO_DATE('17-06-2003','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_CHAIRMAN',24000,NULL,NULL);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (101,'JOHNSON','JOHN','[email protected]','111.111.1246',TO_DATE('21-09-2005','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_VP',17000,100,90);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (102,'WILLIAMS','ROBERT','[email protected]','111.111.1247',TO_DATE('13-01-2001','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_VP',17000,100,90);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (103,'BROWN','MICHAEL','[email protected]','111.111.1248',TO_DATE('03-01-2006','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_STAFF',9000,102,60);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (104,'JONES','WILLIAM','[email protected]','111.111.1249',TO_DATE('21-05-2007','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_STAFF',6000,103,60);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (105,'MILLER','DAVID','[email protected]','111.111.1250',TO_DATE('25-06-2005','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_STAFF',4800,103,60);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (106,'DAVIS','RICHARD','[email protected]','111.111.1251',TO_DATE('05-02-2006','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_STAFF',4800,103,60);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (107,'GARCIA','CHARLES','[email protected]','111.111.1252',TO_DATE('07-02-2007','DD-MM-YYYY'),'INS_STAFF',4200,103,60);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (108,'RODRIGUEZ','JOSEPH','[email protected]','111.111.1253',TO_DATE('17-08-2002','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_PHY',12008,101,100);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (109,'WILSON','THOMAS','[email protected]','111.111.1254',TO_DATE('16-08-2002','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_MATH',9000,108,100);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (110,'MARTINEZ','CHRISTOPHER','[email protected]','111.111.1255',TO_DATE('28-09-2005','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_MATH',8200,108,100);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (111,'ANDERSON','DANIEL','[email protected]','111.111.1256',TO_DATE('30-09-2005','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_MATH',7700,108,100);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (112,'TAYLOR','PAUL','[email protected]','111.111.1257',TO_DATE('07-03-2006','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_MATH',7800,108,100);
INSERT INTO students VALUES (113,'THOMAS','MARK','[email protected]','111.111.1258',TO_DATE('07-12-2007','DD-MM-YYYY'),'CL_MATH',6900,108,100);

COMMIT;

更新于:2020年12月4日

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