如何在 Oracle 中临时存储数据以供以后使用?
问题
您想临时存储 SQL 的结果。
解决方案
我们可以使用 CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE 语句创建一个表,该表临时存储会话的数据。此外,您可以指定是保留会话的临时表数据还是在事务提交之前保留。我们还可以使用 ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS 子句来指定在用户会话结束时删除数据。
示例
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_players ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS AS SELECT * FROM players WHERE coach_id IS NOT NULL;
全局临时表存储仅在会话期间存在的会话私有数据。一旦创建临时表,它就会一直存在,直到我们删除它。
示例
select table_name, temporary from user_tables WHERE temporary = 'Y'; TMP_PLAYERS Y
当我们在临时表中创建记录时,会在我们的默认临时表空间中分配空间。我们可以通过运行以下 SQL 来验证这一点。
示例
SELECT username, contents, segtype FROM v$sort_usage;
为了提高表的性能,我们可以在会话结束时创建索引并删除它们。
最后,我们可以使用 ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS 子句指示应在会话结束时删除数据。以下示例说明了这一点。
示例
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_players ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS AS SELECT * FROM players WHERE coach_id IS NOT NULL;
数据准备:问题使用的数据如下所示。
示例
DROP TABLE players; COMMIT; CREATE TABLE players ( player_rank NUMBER(6) , first_name VARCHAR2(20) , last_name VARCHAR2(25) CONSTRAINT player_last_name_nn NOT NULL , email VARCHAR2(30) CONSTRAINT player_email_nn NOT NULL , phone_number VARCHAR2(20) , player_start_date DATE CONSTRAINT player_start_date_nn NOT NULL , title_id VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT player_title NOT NULL , prize_money NUMBER(8,2) , coach_id NUMBER(6) , CONSTRAINT player_email UNIQUE (email) ) ;
示例
INSERT INTO players VALUES (1,'Roger','Federer','[email protected]','111.111.1234',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'AUS_OPEN','350000',1); INSERT INTO players VALUES (2,'Rafa','Nadal','[email protected]','111.111.1235',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'FRENCH_OPEN','300000',1); INSERT INTO players VALUES (3,'Andy','Murray','[email protected]','111.111.1236',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'WIMBELDON','450000',1); INSERT INTO players VALUES (4,'Stan','Wawrinka','[email protected]','111.111.1237',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'FRENCH_OPEN','300000',2); INSERT INTO players VALUES (5,'Dominic','Theim','[email protected]','111.111.1238',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'US_OPEN','500000',2); INSERT INTO players VALUES (6,'Novak','Djokovic','[email protected]','111.111.1239',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'AUS_OPEN','350000',2); INSERT INTO players VALUES (7,'Andy','Zverev','[email protected]','111.111.1240',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'FRENCH_OPEN','300000',2); INSERT INTO players VALUES (8,'Andy','Rublev','[email protected]','111.111.1241',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'WIMBELDON','450000',3); INSERT INTO players VALUES (9,'Janik','Sinner','[email protected]','111.111.1242',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'FRENCH_OPEN','300000',3); INSERT INTO players VALUES (10,'Danil','Medvedev','[email protected]','111.111.1243',TO_DATE('17-06-2003', 'dd-MM-yyyy'),'US_OPEN','500000',3); COMMIT;
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