在OpenSUSE中安装LAMP——Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin

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介绍

LAMP架构，代表Linux、Apache、MySQL/MariaDB和PHP，是一个强大的开源软件组合，广泛用于Web开发和托管。本教程将指导您在流行的Linux发行版openSUSE上安装和配置LAMP架构。我们将介绍Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin的安装过程，提供详细的示例和命令输出，以确保安装过程顺利进行。

步骤1：更新系统软件包

在开始之前，务必更新系统软件包，以确保我们拥有最新的软件版本和安全补丁。打开终端并执行以下命令：

sudo zypper refresh
sudo zypper update

步骤2：安装Apache

Apache是一个广泛使用的Web服务器，是LAMP架构的基石。要安装Apache，请执行以下命令：

示例

sudo zypper install apache2

输出

Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following NEW package is going to be installed:
  apache2

1 new package to install.
Overall download size: XXX MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional XXX MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Retrieving package apache2-2.x.x-x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x

安装完成后，使用以下命令启动并启用Apache服务：

sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2

输出

$ sudo systemctl start apache2
[sudo] password for user:
Starting apache2.service...

$ sudo systemctl enable apache2
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/apache2.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.

步骤3：安装PHP

PHP是一种流行的用于Web开发的脚本语言。要安装PHP及其必要的依赖项，请运行以下命令：

示例

sudo zypper install php7 php7-mysql apache2-mod_php7

输出

$ sudo zypper install php7 php7-mysql apache2-mod_php7
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 3 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  apache2-mod_php7 php7 php7-mysql

3 new packages to install.
Overall download size: XXX MiB. Already cached: XXX MiB. After the operation, additional XXX MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Retrieving package apache2-mod_php7-XXX...
Retrieving package php7-XXX...
Retrieving package php7-mysql-XXX...
Installing package apache2-mod_php7-XXX...
Installing package php7-XXX...
Installing package php7-mysql-XXX...

Checking for file conflicts: [done]
(1/3) Installing: apache2-mod_php7-XXX..................................................................[done]
(2/3) Installing: php7-XXX....................................................................................[done]
(3/3) Installing: php7-mysql-XXX..............................................................................[done]

Additional rpm output:
...
...
...

Installation of packages was successful.

步骤4：安装MariaDB

MariaDB是MySQL的替代品，提供了一个强大而健壮的关系数据库管理系统。使用以下命令安装MariaDB：

示例

sudo zypper install mariadb mariadb-client

输出

Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  mariadb mariadb-client

2 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 150.1 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional 672.9 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/v/...? shows all options] (y): y
...
Retrieving package mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 (1/2), 140.6 MiB (373.7 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64.rpm ..........................................................................................................................[done]
Retrieving package mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 (2/2), 9.5 MiB (299.3 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64.rpm ...................................................................................................................[done]
...
Checking for file conflicts: .................................................................................................................................[done]
(1/2) Installing: mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 ..............................................................................................................................[done]
(2/2) Installing: mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 ...................................................................................................................[done]
...
Executing post-install scripts.....................................................................................................................................[done]
Additional rpm output:
  Installing MySQL system tables...
  OK
  Filling help tables...
  OK
  ...

执行以下命令启动并启用MariaDB服务：

示例

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

输出

$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
[sudo] password for user:
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

要保护您的MariaDB安装，请运行安全脚本并按照提示操作：

示例

sudo mysql_secure_installation

输出

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Connecting to MySQL using a Unix socket.

MySQL server found running with a Unix socket at /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock. Continue with the MySQL secure installation? [Y/n] Y

Please enter the MySQL root password: 
Validating password...

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:
Re-enter new password:

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided? [Y/n] Y

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

All done! MySQL should now be secured.

步骤5：安装PhpMyAdmin

PhpMyAdmin是一个基于Web的界面，用于管理MySQL/MariaDB数据库。运行以下命令安装PhpMyAdmin：

sudo zypper install phpMyAdmin

在安装过程中，系统会提示您选择Web服务器。选择“apache2”并按Enter键。然后，选择“yes”为phpMyAdmin配置数据库。

步骤6：为PhpMyAdmin配置Apache

要配置Apache以识别PhpMyAdmin，请在文本编辑器中打开配置文件：

sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf

将`Require ip 127.0.0.1`一行替换为`Require all granted`。保存并关闭文件。

步骤7：重启Apache

重启Apache服务以使更改生效：

sudo systemctl restart apache2

步骤8：访问PhpMyAdmin

打开Web浏览器并输入以下URL：https://127.0.0.1/phpMyAdmin。您应该看到PhpMyAdmin登录页面。使用您的MariaDB root用户名和密码登录。

恭喜！您已成功在openSUSE上安装LAMP——Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin。您现在可以开始开发和托管Web应用程序了。

结论

在openSUSE上设置LAMP架构是一个简单的过程，可以让您利用开源软件的强大功能进行Web开发。通过遵循本文中概述的步骤，您已经获得了构建和部署Web应用程序的坚实基础。享受LAMP架构提供的无限可能性！