学习如何在 Linux 中使用 Postfix 设置邮件服务

您可能希望设置自己的 Linux 邮件服务器的原因有很多。如今，越来越多的人被迫修复他们的电子邮件 – 如果它曾经出现故障的话。Postfix 是一个 MTA（邮件交换代理），一种用于发送和接收邮件的软件。它是 Wietse Venema 的邮件服务器，最初诞生于 IBM 研究，作为广泛使用的 Sendmail 应用程序的替代方案。现在在 Google 工作的 Wietse 继续支持 Postfix。本文介绍了 – 如何在 Linux 中使用 postfix 设置邮件服务。

要安装 Postfix 并测试邮件实用程序，请使用以下命令 –

$ sudo apt-get install mailutils

示例输出应如下所示 –

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
   linux-headers-4.4.0-53 linux-headers-4.4.0-53-generic
   linux-image-4.4.0-53-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-53-generic
   linux-signed-image-4.4.0-53-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
   libgsasl7 libkyotocabinet16v5 libmailutils4 libntlm0 mailutils-common
   postfix
Suggested packages:
   mailutils-mh mailutils-doc procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap
   postfix-pcre sasl2-bin dovecot-common postfix-cdb postfix-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
   libgsasl7 libkyotocabinet16v5 libmailutils4 libntlm0 mailutils
   mailutils-common postfix

在安装过程中，它将提示以下屏幕以配置 postfix –

单击“确定”按钮继续。现在，它将提示以下屏幕以配置邮件配置的一般类型，如下所示 –

选择互联网站点并单击“确定”按钮。默认情况下，它将系统名称作为系统邮件名称，如下面的屏幕所示 –

根据需要更改系统邮件名称。例如，我们已将 tutorialspoint.com 作为系统邮件名称。现在单击“确定”按钮。完成安装过程后，您需要配置 postfix。为此，请使用以下命令打开配置文件。

$sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf

示例输出应如下所示 –

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version


# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

现在查找inet_interfaces = all 并将其重新更改为inet_interfaces = loopback-only。示例输出应如下所示 –

mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_protocols = all

通过点击 Ctrl+O 保存文件，并通过点击 Ctrl+X 关闭文件。现在使用以下命令重新启动 Postfix –

$ sudo service postfix restart

要获取有关 postfix 的更多信息，请使用以下命令 –

$ man postfix

示例输出应如下所示 –

POSTFIX(1)                   General Commands Manual                      POSTFIX(1)

NAME
      postfix - Postfix control program
SYNOPSIS
      postfix [-Dv] [-c config_dir] command
DESCRIPTION
   This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the
   Postfix sendmail(1) command.

   The postfix(1) command controls the operation of the Postfix mail sys‐
   tem: start or stop the master(8) daemon, do a health check, and other
   maintenance.

   By default, the postfix(1) command sets up a standardized environment
   and runs the postfix-script shell script to do the actual work.

   However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured,
   postfix(1) executes the command specified with the multi_instance_wrap‐
   per configuration parameter. This command will execute the command for
   each applicable Postfix instance.

使用以下命令通过 Postfix 发送邮件，如下所示 –

echo "Tutorials Point originated from the idea that there exists a class of readers who respond better 
to online content and prefer to learn new skills at their own pace from the comforts of their drawing 
rooms." | mail -s "About us" [email protected]

现在检查您的收件箱或垃圾邮件文件夹以验证邮件。上述邮件的示例输出应如下所示 –