XSD - <any>

<any> 元素用于扩展 XSD 功能。它用于通过一个不在架构中定义的元素扩展一个在某一 XSD 容器定义的 complexType 元素。

考虑一个示例 - person.xsd 已定义 person complexType 元素。address.xsd 已定义 address complexType 元素。

person.xsd

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   targetNamespace = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   xmlns = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   elementFormDefault = "qualified">
   
   <xs:element name = "person">
      <xs:complexType >
         <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name = "firstname" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "lastname" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "nickname" type = "xs:string"/>     
         </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>
	
</xs:schema>	

address.xsd

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   targetNamespace = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   xmlns = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   elementFormDefault = "qualified">
   
   <xs:element name = "address">
      <xs:complexType>
         <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name = "houseNumber" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "street" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "state" type = "xs:string"/>    
            <xs:element name = "zipcode" type = "xs:integer"/>   	  
         </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>

</xs:schema>

如果我们想要在 XML 中定义带地址的人， 则以下声明将无效。

person.xml

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class xmlns = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "https://tutorialspoint.com person.xsd
   https://tutorialspoint.com address.xsd">  

   <person>
      <firstname>Dinkar</firstname>
      <lastname>Kad</lastname>
      <nickname>Dinkar</lastname>
   
      <address>
         <houseNumber>101</firstname>
         <street>Sector-1,Patiala</lastname>
         <state>Punjab</lastname>
         <zipcode>301202<zipcode>
      </address>
   
   </person>
	
</class>

使用 <xs:any>

为了验证上面的 person.xml，将 <xs:any> 添加到 person.xsd 中的 person 元素。

person.xsd

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
   targetNamespace = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   xmlns = "https://tutorialspoint.com"
   elementFormDefault = "qualified">

   <xs:element name = "person">
      <xs:complexType >
         <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name = "firstname" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "lastname" type = "xs:string"/>
            <xs:element name = "nickname" type = "xs:string"/>   
            <xs:any minOccurs = "0"/>		 
         </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>
	
</xs:schema>

现在，person.xml 将针对 person.xsd 和 address.xsd 进行验证。