如何使用JavaScript将十进制数字转换为罗马数字?


罗马数字是一种用于表示固定十进制数字的数字系统。它使用拉丁字母表中的几个字母来表示罗马数字。在本教程中,用户将学习如何使用JavaScript将十进制数字转换为罗马数字。七个符号代表罗马数字:I、V、X、L、C、D和M。符号的值如下所示。

语法

I is 1
V is 5
X is 10
L is 50
C is 100
D is 500
M is 1000

使用这七个符号,用户可以将十进制数字转换为罗马数字。

用户可以遵循以下语法将十进制数字转换为罗马数字。

语法

function getRoman(num) {
   //traverse in roman_numerals array using for loop
   if (num == 0)
      break;
   while (num >= decimal_number[i]) {
      num -= decimal_number[i];
      romanNumeral += roman_numeral[i];
      if (roman_numeral[i] == 'M')
      number_thousands++;
   }
}

function decimal_to_roman(num) {
// check number is between 1 to 3888888
   if (num <= 0 || num >= 3888888)
   {
      // can not convert to roman number
   }
   // it will call getRoman() function
   if (roman1.number_thousands > 4) {
      var temp=roman1.number_thousands;
      while(temp>0){
         thous_string += "M";
         temp--;
      }
      var thousands1 = getRoman(roman1.number_thousands);
      var thousandBase = "<span style='border-top:1px solid #000'>" +
      thousands1.romanNumeral + "</span>";
      romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral.replace(thous_string, thousandBase);
   }
   else romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral;
}

用户可以遵循以下算法获得罗马数字。

算法

步骤1 - 初始化一个数组roman_numeral,其中包含罗马符号作为元素。

步骤2 - 使用参数num调用decimal_to_roman()函数。

步骤3 - 检查num是否在范围内。

步骤4 - 如果num在范围内,则调用getRoman()。在这个函数中,使用for循环遍历roman_numeral

步骤5 - 如果num=0,则中断;否则,当num大于或等于当前罗马值时,将相应的罗马符号添加到romanNumeral字符串中。如果当前罗马符号是'M',则将number_thousands的计数增加1。

步骤6 - getRoman()将值返回给decimal_to_roman()。

步骤7 - 如果number_thousands <= 4,则打印romanNumeral

步骤8 - 如果number_thousands > 4,则创建一个长度等于number_thousands且包含符号M的字符串thous_string。使用getRoman( )查找number_thousands的罗马数字,然后在其上加一条横线并将其存储在thousandBase中。

步骤9 - 在romanNumeral中将thous_string替换为thousandBase字符串。

步骤10 - 打印romanNumeral

用户可以参考以下示例以便更好地理解。

示例1

罗马数字中的数字是由七个符号组成的字符串。在这个例子中,用户将学习如何使用两个数组:roman_numeral[ ]和decimal_number[ ]将十进制数字转换为罗马数字。

罗马数字的值:

  • CM 是 900
  • CD 是 400
  • XC 是 90
  • XL 是 40
  • IX 是 9
  • IV 是 4。
<html> <head> </head> <body> <h2> Convert a decimal number to roman using JavaScript. </h2> <h4> After converting <i> decimal number to roman </i>. </h4> <p id = "div1"> </p> <p id = "div2"> </p> <script> let Div1 = document.getElementById("div1"); let Div2 = document.getElementById("div2"); //declaring roman symbols array var roman_numeral = new Array(); roman_numeral = ["M","CM","D","CD","C","XC","L","XL","X","IX","V","IV","I"]; //declaring array of values for roman symbols var decimal_number = new Array(); decimal_number = [1000,900,500,400,100,90,50,40,10,9,5,4,1]; function getRoman(num) { var romanNumeral = ""; var number_thousands = 0; for (var i=0; i< roman_numeral.length; i++) { if (num == 0) break; while (num >= decimal_number[i]) { num -= decimal_number[i]; romanNumeral += roman_numeral[i]; if (roman_numeral[i] == 'M') number_thousands++; } } return { number_thousands:number_thousands, romanNumeral:romanNumeral }; } function decimal_to_roman(num) { // 3,888,888 is the longest number represented by Roman numerals if (num <= 0 || num > 3888888) return num; var romanNumeral = ""; var roman1 = getRoman(num); // If the number is 4000 or greater if (roman1.number_thousands > 4) { var thous_string = ""; var temp=roman1.number_thousands; while(temp>0){ thous_string += "M"; temp--; } var thousands1 = getRoman(roman1.number_thousands); var thousandBase = "<span style='border-top:1px solid #000'>" + thousands1.romanNumeral + "</span>"; romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral.replace(thous_string, thousandBase); } else romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral; return romanNumeral; } Div1.innerHTML="Roman conversion of number 577 is " + decimal_to_roman(577); Div2.innerHTML="Roman conversion of number 3542 is " + decimal_to_roman(3542); </script> </body> </html>

在上面的例子中,用户分别得到数字577和3542的罗马数字为DLXXVII和MMMDXLII。

示例2

在下面的例子中,我们从用户那里获取输入,点击按钮后,十进制数字将转换为罗马数字。

<html> <body> <h2> Convert a decimal number to roman using JavaScript. </h2> <p> Click the "Convert Decimal to Roman" button after entering the number to convert into Roman Numeral </p> <p> Enter Decimal Number: <input type="number" , value='50' , id="decimal"></p> <button onclick="decimal_to_roman()">Convert Decimal to Roman</button> <p id="div1"> </p> <script> let Div1 = document.getElementById("div1"); //declaring roman symbols array var roman_numeral = new Array(); roman_numeral = ["M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"]; //declaring array of values for roman symbols var decimal_number = new Array(); decimal_number = [1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1]; function getRoman(num) { var romanNumeral = ""; var number_thousands = 0; for (var i = 0; i < roman_numeral.length; i++) { if (num == 0) break; while (num >= decimal_number[i]) { num -= decimal_number[i]; romanNumeral += roman_numeral[i]; if (roman_numeral[i] == 'M') number_thousands++; } } return { number_thousands: number_thousands, romanNumeral: romanNumeral }; } function decimal_to_roman() { const num = document.getElementById("decimal").value; // 3,888,888 is the longest number represented by Roman numerals if (num <= 0 || num > 3888888) return num; var romanNumeral = ""; var roman1 = getRoman(num); // If the number is 4000 or greater if (roman1.number_thousands > 4) { var thous_string = ""; var temp = roman1.number_thousands; while (temp > 0) { thous_string += "M"; temp--; } var thousands1 = getRoman(roman1.number_thousands); var thousandBase = "<span style='border-top:1px solid #000'>" + thousands1.romanNumeral + "</span>"; romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral.replace(thous_string, thousandBase); } else romanNumeral = roman1.romanNumeral; // return romanNumeral; Div1.innerHTML = romanNumeral; } </script> </body> </html>

使用JavaScript,用户学习了如何将任何十进制数字转换为罗马数字。用户了解到,当数字超过特定范围时,十进制数字在罗马中的表示方式会有所不同。在这种情况下,用户必须在基本数字上加上一条横线。

更新于:2022年8月22日

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