C/C++ 指针谜题?
假设我们有一个大小为 4 字节的整型变量,另外还有一个指针变量,其大小为 8 字节。那么以下代码的输出结果是什么?
示例
#include<iostream> using namespace std; main() { int a[4][5][6]; int x = 0; int* a1 = &x; int** a2 = &a1; int*** a3 = &a2; cout << sizeof(a) << " " << sizeof(a1) << " " << sizeof(a2) << " " << sizeof(a3) << endl; cout << (char*)(&a1 + 1) - (char*)&a1 << " "; cout << (char*)(&a2 + 1) - (char*)&a2 << " "; cout << (char*)(&a3 + 1) - (char*)&a3 << " "; cout << (char*)(&a + 1) - (char*)&a << endl; cout << (char*)(a1 + 1) - (char*)a1 << " "; cout << (char*)(a2 + 1) - (char*)a2 << " "; cout << (char*)(a3 + 1) - (char*)a3 << " "; cout << (char*)(a + 1) - (char*)a << endl; cout << (char*)(&a[0][0][0] + 1) - (char*)&a[0][0][0] << " "; cout << (char*)(&a[0][0] + 1) - (char*)&a[0][0] << " "; cout << (char*)(&a[0] + 1) - (char*)&a[0] << " "; cout << (char*)(&a + 1) - (char*)&a << endl; cout << (a[0][0][0] + 1) - a[0][0][0] << " "; cout << (char*)(a[0][0] + 1) - (char*)a[0][0] << " "; cout << (char*)(a[0] + 1) - (char*)a[0] << " "; cout << (char*)(a + 1) - (char*)a; }
为了解决此问题,我们可以遵循以下一些重要要点 -
整数大小为 4 字节(32 位),指针大小为 8 字节。如果我们用指针加 1,它将指向下一个紧邻类型。
&a1 的类型为 int**,&a2 的类型为 int***,&a3 的类型为 int****。这里都指向指针。如果我们加 1,我们实际上加了 8 字节。
a[0][0][0] 是一个整数,&a[0][0][0] 是 int*,a[0][0] 是 int*,&a[0][0] 的类型为 int(*)[6],依此类推。因此,&a 的类型为 int(*)[4][5][6]。
输出
480 8 8 8 8 8 8 480 4 8 8 120 4 24 120 480 1 4 24 120
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