Apache HttpClient - 基于表单的登录
使用 HttpClient 库,您可以发送请求或通过传递参数登录到表单。
请按照以下步骤登录表单。
步骤 1 - 创建 HttpClient 对象
HttpClients 类的 createDefault() 方法返回 CloseableHttpClient 类的对象,它是 HttpClient 接口的基本实现。使用此方法,创建 HttpClient 对象:
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
步骤 2 - 创建 RequestBuilder 对象
RequestBuilder 类用于通过向其添加参数来构建请求。如果请求类型为 PUT 或 POST,它会将参数作为 URL 编码实体添加到请求中。
使用 post() 方法创建一个 RequestBuilder 对象(POST 类型)。
//Building the post request object RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post();
步骤 3 - 将 Uri 和参数设置到 RequestBuilder。
使用 RequestBuilder 类的 setUri() 和 addParameter() 方法将 URI 和参数设置到 RequestBuilder 对象。
//Set URI and parameters
RequestBuilder reqbuilder = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post");
reqbuilder = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name", "username").addParameter("password", "password");
步骤 4 - 构建 HttpUriRequest 对象
设置所需参数后,使用 build() 方法构建 HttpUriRequest 对象。
//Building the HttpUriRequest object HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build();
步骤 5 - 执行请求
CloseableHttpClient 对象的 execute 方法接受一个 HttpUriRequest(接口)对象(即 HttpGet、HttpPost、HttpPut、HttpHead 等)并返回一个响应对象。
通过将其传递给 execute() 方法,执行在前面步骤中创建的 HttpUriRequest。
//Execute the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
示例
以下示例演示了如何通过发送登录凭据来登录表单。在这里,我们向表单发送了两个参数 - 用户名和密码,并尝试打印请求的消息实体和状态。
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
public class FormLoginExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//Creating CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//Creating the RequestBuilder object
RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post();
//Setting URI and parameters
RequestBuilder reqbuilder1 = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post");
RequestBuilder reqbuilder2 = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name",
"username").addParameter("password", "password");
//Building the HttpUriRequest object
HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build();
//Executing the request
HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
//Printing the status and the contents of the response
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(httpresponse.getEntity()));
System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine());
}
}
输出
执行上述程序后,将生成以下输出:
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"Name": "username",
"password": "password"
},
"headers": {
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "31",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset = UTF-8",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.6 (Java/1.8.0_91)"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "117.216.245.180",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
带 Cookie 的表单登录
如果您的表单存储 Cookie,则不要创建默认的 CloseableHttpClient 对象。
通过实例化 BasicCookieStore 类来创建一个 CookieStore 对象。
//Creating a BasicCookieStore object BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
使用 HttpClients 类的 custom() 方法创建一个 HttpClientBuilder。
//Creating an HttpClientBuilder object HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
使用 setDefaultCookieStore() 方法将 Cookie 存储设置到客户端构建器。
//Setting default cookie store to the client builder object Clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore);
使用 build() 方法构建 CloseableHttpClient 对象。
//Building the CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder1.build();
如上所述构建 HttpUriRequest 对象,并通过执行请求传递。
如果页面存储 Cookie,则您传递的参数将添加到 Cookie 存储中。
您可以打印 CookieStore 对象的内容,在其中您可以看到您的参数(以及页面在情况下存储的先前参数)。
要打印 Cookie,请使用 getCookies() 方法从 CookieStore 对象获取所有 Cookie。此方法返回一个 List 对象。使用迭代器,打印列表对象的如下内容:
//Printing the cookies
List list = cookieStore.getCookies();
System.out.println("list of cookies");
Iterator it = list.iterator();
if(it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}