在 C++ 中针对单向链表执行二分搜索
**单向链表**是一种链表(一种存储节点值和下一个节点的内存位置的数据结构),只能单向移动。
**二分搜索**是一种基于分治的搜索算法。该算法会找到结构的中间元素,然后使用递归调用相同算法来进行比较并判断是否相等。
在此,我们给定一个单向链表和一个元素,并使用二分搜索查找该元素。
由于单向链表是一种仅使用一个指针的数据结构,因此很难找到其中间元素。若要找到单向链表的中间元素,我们使用两个指针方法。
算法
Step 1 : Initialize, start_node (head of list) and last_node (will have last value) , mid_node (middle node of the structure). Step 2 : Compare mid_node to element Step 2.1 : if mid_node = element, return value “found”. Step 2.2 : if mid_node > element, call binary search on lower_Half. Step 2.3 : if mid_node < element, call binary search on upper_Half. Step 3 : if entire list is traversed, return “Not found”.
示例
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> struct Node{ int data; struct Node* next; }; Node *newNode(int x){ struct Node* temp = new Node; temp->data = x; temp->next = NULL; return temp; } struct Node* mid_node(Node* start, Node* last){ if (start == NULL) return NULL; struct Node* slow = start; struct Node* fast = start -> next; while (fast != last){ fast = fast -> next; if (fast != last){ slow = slow -> next; fast = fast -> next; } } return slow; } struct Node* binarySearch(Node *head, int value){ struct Node* start = head; struct Node* last = NULL; do{ Node* mid = mid_node(start, last); if (mid == NULL) return NULL; if (mid -> data == value) return mid; else if (mid -> data < value) start = mid -> next; else last = mid; } while (last == NULL || last != start); return NULL; } int main(){ Node *head = newNode(54); head->next = newNode(12); head->next->next = newNode(18); head->next->next->next = newNode(23); head->next->next->next->next = newNode(52); head->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(76); int value = 52; if (binarySearch(head, value) == NULL) printf("Value is not present in linked list\n"); else printf("The value is present in linked list\n"); return 0; }
输出
The value is present in linked list
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