C++ 循环排序程序?
循环排序是一种就地、不稳定的排序算法,一种比较排序,在原始数组的总写入次数方面理论上最优,这与其他任何就地排序算法不同。其思想基础是待排序的排列可以分解成循环,各个循环轮转即可得到排序结果。
与几乎所有其他排序不同,只需将项写入数组的其他位置来将其移出操作路径。每个值要么被写入零次(如果其已处于正确位置),要么被写入一次(到其正确位置)。这与完成就地排序所需的最少覆盖次数相一致。
当对大型数据集进行写入非常昂贵(例如,对闪存等 EEPROM 进行写入会缩短内存使用寿命)时,最小化写入次数十分有用。
Input: a[]={7,4,3,5,2,1,6} Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
说明
arr[] = {10, 5, 2, 3} index = 0 1 2 3 cycle_start = 0 item = 10 = arr[0] Find position where we put the item, pos = cycle_start while (arr[i] < item) pos++; We put 10 at arr[3] and change item to old value of arr[3]. arr[] = {10, 5, 2, 10} item = 3 Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0' Find position where we put the item = 3 we swap item with element at arr[1] now arr[] = {10, 3, 2, 10} item = 5 Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0' and item = 5 we swap item with element at arr[2]. arr[] = {10, 3, 5, 10 } item = 2 Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0' and item = 2 arr[] = {2, 3, 5, 10} Above is one iteration for cycle_stat = 0. Repeat above steps for cycle_start = 1, 2, ..n-2
示例
#include<iostream> using namespace std; void cycleSort(int a[], int n) { int writes = 0; for (int c_start = 0; c_start <= n - 2; c_start++) { int item = a[c_start]; int pos = c_start; for (int i = c_start + 1; i < n; i++) if (a[i] < item) pos++; if (pos == c_start) continue; while (item == a[pos]) pos += 1; if (pos != c_start) { swap(item, a[pos]); writes++; } while (pos != c_start) { pos = c_start; for (int i = c_start + 1; i < n; i++) if (a[i] < item) pos += 1; while (item == a[pos]) pos += 1; if (item != a[pos]) { swap(item, a[pos]); writes++; } } } } int main() { int a[] ={7,4,3,5,2,1,6}; int n = 7; cycleSort(a, n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << a[i] << " "; return 0; }
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