C++ 循环排序程序?


循环排序是一种就地、不稳定的排序算法,一种比较排序,在原始数组的总写入次数方面理论上最优,这与其他任何就地排序算法不同。其思想基础是待排序的排列可以分解成循环,各个循环轮转即可得到排序结果。

与几乎所有其他排序不同,只需将项写入数组的其他位置来将其移出操作路径。每个值要么被写入零次(如果其已处于正确位置),要么被写入一次(到其正确位置)。这与完成就地排序所需的最少覆盖次数相一致。

当对大型数据集进行写入非常昂贵(例如,对闪存等 EEPROM 进行写入会缩短内存使用寿命)时,最小化写入次数十分有用。

Input: a[]={7,4,3,5,2,1,6}
Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

说明

arr[] = {10, 5, 2, 3}
index = 0 1 2 3
cycle_start = 0
item = 10 = arr[0]
Find position where we put the item,
pos = cycle_start
while (arr[i] < item)
pos++;
We put 10 at arr[3] and change item to
old value of arr[3].
arr[] = {10, 5, 2, 10}
item = 3
Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0'
Find position where we put the item = 3
we swap item with element at arr[1] now
arr[] = {10, 3, 2, 10}
item = 5
Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0' and item = 5
we swap item with element at arr[2].
arr[] = {10, 3, 5, 10 }
item = 2
Again rotate rest cycle that start with index '0' and item = 2
arr[] = {2, 3, 5, 10}
Above is one iteration for cycle_stat = 0.
Repeat above steps for cycle_start = 1, 2, ..n-2

示例

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void cycleSort(int a[], int n) {
   int writes = 0;
   for (int c_start = 0; c_start <= n - 2; c_start++) {
      int item = a[c_start];
      int pos = c_start;
      for (int i = c_start + 1; i < n; i++)
         if (a[i] < item)
            pos++;
      if (pos == c_start)
         continue;
      while (item == a[pos])
         pos += 1;
      if (pos != c_start) {
            swap(item, a[pos]);
            writes++;
      }
      while (pos != c_start) {
         pos = c_start;
         for (int i = c_start + 1; i < n; i++)
            if (a[i] < item)
         pos += 1;
         while (item == a[pos])
            pos += 1;
         if (item != a[pos]) {
            swap(item, a[pos]);
            writes++;
         }
      }
   }
}
int main() {
   int a[] ={7,4,3,5,2,1,6};
   int n = 7;
   cycleSort(a, n);
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      cout << a[i] << " ";
   return 0;
}

更新于: 20-Aug-2019

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