C++程序:找出网格中需要阻塞的单元格数量以创建路径
假设有一个维度为h * w的网格。有一个机器人位于单元格位置(0, 0),它需要到达位置(h - 1, w - 1)。网格中有两种类型的单元格:阻塞的和未阻塞的。机器人可以穿过未阻塞的单元格,但不能穿过阻塞的单元格。机器人可以向四个方向移动:左、右、上、下。但机器人可以从一个单元格移动到另一个单元格的任何方向(忽略它之前所在的单元格),因此我们只需要创建一条路径并阻塞该路径之外的所有其他单元格。我们必须找出并返回为了从(0, 0)到(h - 1, w - 1)为机器人创建一条路径,我们需要阻塞多少个单元格,如果不存在可能的路径,则返回-1。
因此,如果输入像h = 4,w = 4,grid = {"..#.", "#.#.", "#.##", "#..."},则输出将为2。

我们只需要阻塞两个单元格即可从(0, 0)到(3, 3)创建一条路径。
为了解决这个问题,我们将遵循以下步骤:
Define one 2D array dp
dp[0, 0] := 0
Define an array moves containing pairs = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}}
Define one queue q
insert pair (0, 0) at the end of q
while (not q is empty), do:
p := first element of q
delete first element from q
for initialize i := 0, when i < 4, update (increase i by 1), do:
row := first value of p + first value of moves[i]
col := second value of p + second value of moves[i]
if row < 0 or row > h - 1 or col < 0 or col > w - 1, then:
Ignore following part, skip to the next iteration
if grid[row, col] is same as '#', then:
Ignore following part, skip to the next iteration
if dp[first value of p, second value of p] + 1 < dp[row, col], then:
dp[row, col] := dp[first value of p, second value of p] + 1
insert pair(row, col) into q
if dp[h - 1, w - 1] is same as 2500, then:
return -1
count := 0
for initialize i := 0, when i < h, update (increase i by 1), do:
for initialize j := 0, when j < w, update (increase j by 1), do:
if grid[i, j] is same as '.', then:
(increase count by 1)
return count - (dp[h - 1, w - 1] + 1)示例
让我们查看以下实现以更好地理解:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int solve(int h, int w, vector<string> grid){
vector<vector<int>> dp(h, vector<int>(w, 2500));
dp[0][0] = 0;
vector<pair<int, int>> moves = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};
queue<pair<int, int>> q;
q.push(make_pair(0, 0));
while (!q.empty()) {
auto p = q.front();
q.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int row = p.first + moves[i].first;
int col = p.second + moves[i].second;
if (row < 0 || row > h - 1 || col < 0 || col > w - 1) continue;
if (grid[row][col] == '#')
continue;
if (dp[p.first][p.second] + 1 < dp[row][col]) {
dp[row][col] = dp[p.first][p.second] + 1; q.push(make_pair(row, col));
}
}
}
if (dp[h - 1][w - 1] == 2500) {
return -1;
}
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) {
if (grid[i][j] == '.') count++;
}
}
return count - (dp[h - 1][w - 1] + 1);
}
int main() {
int h = 4, w = 4;
vector<string> grid = {"..#.", "#.#.", "#.##", "#..."};
cout<< solve(h, w, grid);
return 0;
}输入
4, 4, {"..#.", "#.#.", "#.##", "#..."}
输出
2
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