C++ 程序实现用于字符串匹配的 Bitap 算法
本篇为 C++ 程序,介绍了如何实现用于字符串匹配的 Bitap 算法。该算法判断给定的文本是否包含与给定模式“近似相等”的子字符串,其中近似相等由 Levenshtein 距离定义——如果子字符串与模式之间的距离小于给定距离 k,则根据该算法,二者是相等的。该算法首先为模式的每个元素预先计算一组包含一个位的位掩码。这样,我们可以利用位运算完成大部分工作。位运算的速度极其快。
算法
Begin Take the string and pattern as input. function bitmap_search() and it takes argument string text t and string pattern p : Initialize the bit array A. Initialize the pattern bitmasks, p_mask[300] Update the bit array. for i = 0 to 299 p_mask[i] = ~0 for i = 0 to m-1 p_mask[p[i]] and= ~(1L left shift i); for i = 0 to t.length()-1 A |= p_mask[t[i]]; A <<= 1; if ((A and (1L left shift m)) == 0 return i - m + 1 return -1 End
示例代码
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int bitmap_search(string t, string p) {
int m = p.length();
long p_mask[300];
long A = ~1;
if (m == 0)
return -1;
if (m >63) {
cout<<"Pattern is too long!";//if pattern is too long
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i <= 299; ++i)
p_mask[i] = ~0;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i)
p_mask[p[i]] &= ~(1L << i);
for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); ++i) {
A |= p_mask[t[i]];
A <<= 1;
if ((A & (1L << m)) == 0)
return i - m + 1;
}
return -1;
}
void findPattern(string t, string p) {
int position = bitmap_search(t, p);//initialize the position with the function bitmap_search
if (position == -1)
cout << "\nNo Match\n";
else
cout << "\nPattern found at position : " << position;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
cout << "Enter Text:\n";
string t;
cin >>t;
cout << "Enter Pattern:\n";
string p;
cin >>p;
findPattern(t, p);
}输出
Enter Text: Tutorialspoint Enter Pattern: point Pattern found at position : 9
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