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- DB2 - 简介
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- DB2 与 XML
- DB2 - 备份与恢复
- DB2 - 数据库安全
- DB2 - 角色
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DB2 - 备份与恢复
本章描述数据库的备份和恢复方法。
简介
备份和恢复方法旨在确保信息安全。您可以使用命令行界面 (CLI) 或图形用户界面 (GUI) 中的备份和恢复实用程序来备份或恢复 DB2 UDB 数据库中的数据。
日志记录
日志文件包含错误日志，用于从应用程序错误中恢复。日志记录数据库更改的记录。下面描述两种类型的日志记录：
循环日志记录
这是一种方法，当需要分配新的事务日志文件时，旧的事务日志会被覆盖，从而擦除日志文件的序列并重复使用它们。您只能在脱机模式下进行完全备份，即数据库必须脱机才能进行完全备份。
归档日志记录
此模式支持使用称为前滚恢复的日志文件的联机备份和数据库恢复。可以通过将 logretain 或 userexit 设置为 ON 来更改从循环日志记录到归档日志记录的模式。对于归档日志记录，备份设置数据库需要一个 DB2 进程可写入的目录。
备份
使用备份命令，您可以复制整个数据库。此备份副本包括数据库系统文件、数据文件、日志文件、控制信息等等。
您可以在脱机和联机状态下进行备份。
脱机备份
语法：[列出活动应用程序/数据库]
db2 list application
输出
Auth Id Application Appl. Application Id
DB # of
Name Handle
Name Agents
-------- -------------- ---------- ---------------------
----------------------------------------- -------- -----
DB2INST1 db2bp 39
*LOCAL.db2inst1.140722043938
ONE 1
语法：[强制使用 app.Handled id 的应用程序]
db2 "force application (39)"
输出
DB20000I The FORCE APPLICATION command completed successfully. DB21024I This command is asynchronous and may not be effective immediately.
语法：[终止数据库连接]
db2 terminate
语法：[停用数据库]
db2 deactivate database one
语法：[创建备份文件]
db2 backup database <db_name> to <location>
示例
db2 backup database one to /home/db2inst1/
输出
Backup successful. The timestamp for this backup image is : 20140722105345
联机备份
要开始，您需要将模式从循环日志记录更改为归档日志记录。
语法：[检查数据库是使用循环日志记录还是归档日志记录]
db2 get db cfg for one | grep LOGARCH
输出
First log archive method (LOGARCHMETH1) = OFF Archive compression for logarchmeth1 (LOGARCHCOMPR1) = OFF Options for logarchmeth1 (LOGARCHOPT1) = Second log archive method (LOGARCHMETH2) = OFF Archive compression for logarchmeth2 (LOGARCHCOMPR2) = OFF Options for logarchmeth2 (LOGARCHOPT2) =
在上面的输出中，突出显示的值是配置文件中处于关闭模式的[logarchmeth1 和 logarchmeth2]，这意味着当前数据库处于“循环日志记录”模式。如果您需要使用“归档日志记录”模式，则需要更改或添加 logarchmeth1 和 logarchmeth2 变量中存在的路径。
使用所需的归档目录更新 logarchmeth1
语法：[创建目录]
mkdir backup mkdir backup/ArchiveDest
语法：[为文件夹提供用户权限]
chown db2inst1:db2iadm1 backup/ArchiveDest
语法：[更新配置 LOGARCHMETH1]
db2 update database configuration for one using LOGARCHMETH1 'DISK:/home/db2inst1/backup/ArchiveDest'
您可以进行脱机备份以确保安全，然后激活数据库并连接到它。
语法：[进行联机备份]
db2 backup database one online to /home/db2inst1/onlinebackup/ compress include logs
输出
db2 backup database one online to /home/db2inst1/onlinebackup/ compress include logs
使用以下命令验证备份文件
语法
db2ckbkp <location/backup file>
示例
db2ckbkp /home/db2inst1/ONE.0.db2inst1.DBPART000.20140722112743.001
列出备份文件历史记录
语法
db2 list history backup all for one
输出
List History File for one
Number of matching file entries = 4
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722105345001 F D S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE OFFLINE
Start Time: 20140722105345
End Time: 20140722105347
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 3 Location: /home/db2inst1
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722112239000 N S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE ONLINE
Start Time: 20140722112239
End Time: 20140722112240
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 4 Location:
SQLCA Information
sqlcaid : SQLCA sqlcabc: 136 sqlcode: -2413 sqlerrml: 0
sqlerrmc:
sqlerrp : sqlubIni
sqlerrd : (1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0
(4) 0 (5) 0 (6) 0
sqlwarn : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
(7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
sqlstate:
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722112743001 F D S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE OFFLINE
Start Time: 20140722112743
End Time: 20140722112743
Status: A
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 5 Location: /home/db2inst1
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
R D 20140722114519001 F
20140722112743
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: RESTORE ONE WITH RF
Start Time: 20140722114519
End Time: 20140722115015
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 6 Location:
从备份恢复数据库
要从备份文件恢复数据库，您需要遵循给定的语法
语法
db2 restore database <db_name> from <location> taken at <timestamp>
示例
db2 restore database one from /home/db2inst1/ taken at 20140722112743
输出
SQL2523W Warning! Restoring to an existing database that is different from the database on the backup image, but have matching names. The target database will be overwritten by the backup version. The Roll-forward recovery logs associated with the target database will be deleted. Do you want to continue ? (y/n) y DB20000I The RESTORE DATABASE command completed successfully.
向前滚动日志目录中所有日志，包括磁盘驱动器故障之前的最新更改。
语法
db2 rollforward db <db_name> to end of logs and stop
示例
db2 rollforward db one to end of logs and stop
输出
Rollforward Status Input database alias = one Number of members have returned status = 1 Member ID = 0 Rollforward status = not pending Next log file to be read = Log files processed = S0000000.LOG - S0000001.LOG Last committed transaction = 2014-07-22- 06.00.33.000000 UTC DB20000I The ROLLFORWARD command completed successfully.
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