如何使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建密码验证表单?
在注册页面上,您一定见过用于设置密码的输入字段。输入密码后,验证系统会建议您如何构建密码。例如,密码至少应包含一个数字、一个字符,并且至少应为 8 个字符。在本教程中,我们将了解如何在网页上设置相同的密码验证表单。
在键入设置密码时,验证系统会给出正确的建议。让我们看看如何实现。
创建表单
<form> 元素用于在网页上创建表单。设置了两个输入字段,一个用于用户名,另一个用于密码:
<form> <label for="uname">Username</label> <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required /> <label for="pass">Password</label> <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form>
密码输入字段模式
由于我们需要设置验证系统,因此为密码字段设置了一个模式。如上所示,使用了pattern 属性。为模式设置正则表达式以验证用户输入的内容:
Pattern=”(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}"
密码字段消息
使用title 属性放置用户设置密码时可见的消息:
title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters"
检查字段
设置了一个复选字段,如果用户键入不正确的密码格式,则会显示该字段:
#checksField { display: none; background: #f1f1f1; color: #000; position: relative; padding: 20px; margin-top: 10px; }
如果密码输入错误,则会显示一条包含说明的消息,即密码必须包含以下内容:
<div id="checksField"> <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3> <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p> <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p> <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p> </div>
设置错误字段
如果密码输入不正确,则会显示红色叉号:
.wrong { color: red; } .wrong:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✖"; }
设置正确字段
如果密码输入正确,则会显示绿色勾号:
.correct { color: green; } .correct:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✔"; }
验证
在键入密码时,会为小写字母、大写字母、数字等设置验证脚本。使用以下脚本,显示错误和正确符号:
myInput.onkeyup = function() { var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) { letter.classList.remove("wrong"); letter.classList.add("correct"); } else { letter.classList.remove("correct"); letter.classList.add("wrong"); } var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) { capital.classList.remove("wrong"); capital.classList.add("correct"); } else { capital.classList.remove("correct"); capital.classList.add("wrong"); } var numbers = /[0-9]/g; if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) { number.classList.remove("wrong"); number.classList.add("correct"); } else { number.classList.remove("correct"); number.classList.add("wrong"); } };
示例
要使用 CSS 和 JavaScript 创建密码验证表单,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } input { width: 100%; padding: 12px; margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 16px; } input[type="submit"] { background-color: rgb(69, 27, 117); color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; } form { padding: 20px; } #checksField { display: none; background: #f1f1f1; color: #000; position: relative; padding: 20px; margin-top: 10px; } #checksField p { padding: 10px 35px; font-size: 18px; } .correct { color: green; } .correct:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✔"; } .wrong { color: red; } .wrong:before { position: relative; left: -35px; content: "✖"; } </style> </head> <body> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Password Validation Example</h1> <form> <label for="uname">Username</label> <input type="text" id="uname" name="uname" required /> <label for="pass">Password</label> <input type="password" id="pass" name="pass" pattern="(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}" title="Must contain at least one number and one uppercase and lowercase letter, and at least 8 or more characters" required/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <div id="checksField"> <h3>Password must contain the following:</h3> <p id="letter" class="wrong">A <b>lowercase</b> letter</p> <p id="capital" class="wrong">A <b>capital (uppercase)</b>letter</p> <p id="number" class="wrong">A <b>number</b></p> </div> <script> var myInput = document.getElementById("pass"); var letter = document.getElementById("letter"); var capital = document.getElementById("capital"); var number = document.getElementById("number"); myInput.onfocus = function() { document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "block"; }; myInput.onblur = function() { document.getElementById("checksField").style.display = "none"; }; myInput.onkeyup = function() { var lowerCaseLetters = /[a-z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(lowerCaseLetters)) { letter.classList.remove("wrong"); letter.classList.add("correct"); } else { letter.classList.remove("correct"); letter.classList.add("wrong"); } var upperCaseLetters = /[A-Z]/g; if (myInput.value.match(upperCaseLetters)) { capital.classList.remove("wrong"); capital.classList.add("correct"); } else { capital.classList.remove("correct"); capital.classList.add("wrong"); } var numbers = /[0-9]/g; if (myInput.value.match(numbers)) { number.classList.remove("wrong"); number.classList.add("correct"); } else { number.classList.remove("correct"); number.classList.add("wrong"); } }; </script> </body> </html>
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