如何在 Java 9 的 JShell 中实现字符串实用程序和不变性?


JShell 是一个交互式的命令行工具,用于实现简单的语句,例如表达式、类、方法、字段、接口等。String类是内置java.lang包的一部分,并提供了几种用于常见文本处理的方法。

1) 字符串实用程序:String 提供了几种内置实用程序方法。诸如indexOf()lastIndexOf()startsWith()endsWith()isEmpty()equals()equalsIgnoreCase() 等方法都是字符串实用程序的一部分。

在下面的代码片段中,我们在 JShell 工具中实现了字符串实用程序方法。

片段 1

jshell> String str = "JShell is a new feature in Java9";
str ==> "JShell is a new feature in Java9"

jshell> str.indexOf("new")
$4 ==> 12

jshell> str.charAt(7)
$5 ==> 'i'

jshell> str.indexOf('i')
$6 ==> 7

jshell> str.lastIndexOf('i')
$7 ==> 24

jshell> str.contains("feature")
$8 ==> true

jshell> str.startsWith("JShell")
$9 ==> true

jshell> str.startsWith("Java9")
$10 ==> false

jshell> str.endsWith("Java9")
$11 ==> true

jshell> str.endsWith("a9")
$12 ==> true

jshell> str.endsWith("a9java")
$13 ==> false

jshell> String str1 = "value"
str1 ==> "value"

jshell> str1.equals("value")
$15 ==> true

jshell> str1.equals("VALUE")
$16 ==> false

jshell> str1.equalsIgnoreCase("VALUE")
$17 ==> true


2) 字符串不变性:String 对象是不可变的,这意味着在创建后我们无法更改其值。

在下面的代码片段中,String 类的concat() 方法将两个 String 对象的内容连接到一个对象中。但是,"str"引用的原始值保持不变。concat() 方法将创建一个新的 String 对象。就像concat() 方法一样,其他 String 方法(如toUpperCase()toLowerCase()trim() 方法)也会返回新的 String 对象。

片段 2

jshell> String str = "Tutorialspoint";
str ==> "Tutorialspoint"

jshell> str.concat(" is e-learning app");
$3 ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> str
str ==> "Tutorialspoint" ^

jshell> String str1 = str.concat(".")
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint."

jshell> str1
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint."

jshell> String str = str.concat(" is e-learning app");
str ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> str
str ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> String str1 = "Tutorialspoint";
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint"

jshell> str1.concat(" is e-learning app");
$2 ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> str1
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint"

jshell> String str2 = str1.concat(" is e-learning app");
str2 ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> str1
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint"

jshell> String str3 = str2.concat(".");
str3 ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app."

jshell> str1
str1 ==> "Tutorialspoint"

jshell> str2
str2 ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app"

jshell> String s = "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app."
s ==> "Tutorialspoint is e-learning app."

jshell> s.toUpperCase()
$10 ==> "TUTORIALSPOINT IS E-LEARNING APP."

jshell> s.toLowerCase()
$11 ==> "tutorialspoint is e-learning app."

更新于: 2020-04-27

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