如何使用 JDBC API 来设置表中现有列的自动递增?
可使用 ALTER TABLE 命令向表中的列添加/设置自动递增约束。
语法
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT
假设我们在数据库中有一张名为 Dispatches 的表,其中有 7 列,即 id、CustomerName、DispatchDate、DeliveryTime、Price 和 Location,描述如下所示
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ProductName | varchar(255) | YES | UNI | NULL | | | CustomerName | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | DispatchDate | date | YES | | NULL | | | DeliveryTime | time | YES | | NULL | | | Price | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | Location | text | YES | | NULL | | | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
以下 JDBC 程序建立与 MySQL 数据库的连接,添加一个名为 Id 的列,并将值设置为 id 列,以自动递增。
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class SettingAutoIncrement {
public static void main(String args[]) throws SQLException {
//Registering the Driver
DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
//Getting the connection
String mysqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql:///mydatabase";
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(mysqlUrl, "root", "password");
System.out.println("Connection established......");
//Creating the Statement
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
//Setting the column id auto-increment
String query = "ALTER TABLE Sales ADD id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT";
stmt.execute(query);
stmt.executeBatch();
System.out.println("Table altered......");
}
}输出
Connection established...... Table altered......
如果你使用 Select 命令检索 Sales 表的内容,你可以观察到一个名为 id 的列被添加到表中,其中包含自动递增的整数值。
mysql> select * from Sales; +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ | ProductName | CustomerName | DispatchDate | DeliveryTime | Price | Location | id | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ | Key-Board | Raja | 2019-09-01 | 08:51:36 | 7000 | Hyderabad | 1 | | Earphones | Roja | 2019-05-01 | 05:54:28 | 2000 | Vishakhapatnam | 2 | | Mouse | Puja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:38 | 3000 | Vijayawada | 3 | | Mobile | Vanaja | 2019-03-01 | 04:26:35 | 9000 | Vijayawada | 4 | | Headset | Jalaja | 2019-03-01 | 05:19:16 | 6000 | Vijayawada | 5 | +-------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+-------+----------------+----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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