如何解构 Oracle 中的结果?


问题

您想在 Oracle 中解构结果。

解决方案

UNPIVOT 子句是 Oracle Database 11g 的一项新增功能,使您能够将查询输出中的列转换为行,同时允许您对数据运行聚合函数。

考虑一个名为 customer 的表,其中存储了以下数据。

示例

SELECT * FROM customers;

输出

1   tammy.bryant@internalmail   Tammy Bryant 2   roy.white@internalmail      Roy White 3   gary.jenkins@internalmail   Gary Jenkins 4   victor.morris@internalmail  Victor Morris 5   beverly.hughes@internalmail Beverly Hughes

在 customer 表中,我们可以看到,全名有名字和姓氏,现在,让我们将名字和姓氏分离到不同的列中。

示例

SELECT full_name,   SUBSTR(full_name,1,INSTR(full_name,' ',1,1)-1) first_name,   SUBSTR(full_name,INSTR(full_name,' ',-1) + 1) last_name  FROM customers;

输出

Tammy Bryant    Tammy   Bryant Roy White   Roy White Gary Jenkins    Gary    Jenkins Victor Morris   Victor  Morris Beverly Hughes  Beverly Hughes Evelyn Torres   Evelyn  Torres

现在,如果我们要将这些名字和姓氏列转换为一个单独的列,可以使用 Oracle 的 UNPIVOT 函数。

示例

SELECT DISTINCT new_column FROM ( SELECT full_name,        SUBSTR(full_name,1,INSTR(full_name,' ',1,1)-1) first_name,        SUBSTR(full_name,INSTR(full_name,' ',-1) + 1) last_name  FROM customers  ) UNPIVOT  (new_column FOR ref_col2 IN (first_name,last_name));

输出

Roy Beverly Carl Sanchez Evans Martinez Dennis Brown Deborah Carolyn Bennett Jack

数据准备:用于此问题的示例数据如下。

示例

create table customers (    customer_id     integer generated by default on null as identity,    email_address   varchar2(255 char) not null,    full_name       varchar2(255 char) not null)  ; insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (1,'tammy.bryant@internalmail','Tammy Bryant');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (2,'roy.white@internalmail','Roy White');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (3,'gary.jenkins@internalmail','Gary Jenkins');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (4,'victor.morris@internalmail','Victor Morris');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (5,'beverly.hughes@internalmail','Beverly Hughes');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (6,'evelyn.torres@internalmail','Evelyn Torres');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (7,'carl.lee@internalmail','Carl Lee');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (8,'douglas.flores@internalmail','Douglas Flores');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (9,'norma.robinson@internalmail','Norma Robinson');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (10,'gregory.sanchez@internalmail','Gregory Sanchez');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (11,'judy.evans@internalmail','Judy Evans');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (12,'jean.patterson@internalmail','Jean Patterson');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (13,'michelle.ramirez@internalmail','Michelle Ramirez');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (14,'elizabeth.martinez@internalmail','Elizabeth Martinez');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (15,'walter.rogers@internalmail','Walter Rogers');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (16,'ralph.foster@internalmail','Ralph Foster');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (17,'tina.simmons@internalmail','Tina Simmons');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (18,'peter.jones@internalmail','Peter Jones');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (19,'kathryn.rogers@internalmail','Kathryn Rogers');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (20,'dennis.lopez@internalmail','Dennis Lopez');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (21,'martha.baker@internalmail','Martha Baker');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (22,'raymond.bailey@internalmail','Raymond Bailey');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (23,'christopher.allen@internalmail','Christopher Allen');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (24,'jonathan.coleman@internalmail','Jonathan Coleman');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (25,'walter.turner@internalmail','Walter Turner');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (26,'anna.murphy@internalmail','Anna Murphy');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (27,'carol.alexander@internalmail','Carol Alexander');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (28,'teresa.brown@internalmail','Teresa Brown');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (29,'beverly.rivera@internalmail','Beverly Rivera');   insert into customers (CUSTOMER_ID,EMAIL_ADDRESS,FULL_NAME) values (30,'lisa.hughes@internalmail','Lisa Hughes'); COMMIT;

更新日期: 2020 年 12 月 5 日

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