在 C++ 中使用 new 和 delete 运算符


new 运算符

new 运算符请求在堆中分配内存。如果可用内存充足,它会将内存初始化为指针变量,然后返回其地址。

以下是 C++ 语言中 new 运算符的语法:

pointer_variable = new datatype;

以下是初始化内存的语法:

pointer_variable = new datatype(value);

以下是分配一个内存块的语法:

pointer_variable = new datatype[size];

以下是在 C++ 语言中使用 new 运算符的示例:

示例

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
   int *ptr1 = NULL;
   ptr1 = new int;
   float *ptr2 = new float(223.324);
   int *ptr3 = new int[28];
   *ptr1 = 28;
   cout << "Value of pointer variable 1 : " << *ptr1 << endl;
   cout << "Value of pointer variable 2 : " << *ptr2 << endl;
   if (!ptr3)
   cout << "Allocation of memory failed\n";
   else {
      for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++)
      ptr3[i] = i+1;
      cout << "Value of store in block of memory: ";
      for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++)
      cout << ptr3[i] << " ";
   }
   return 0;
}

输出

Value of pointer variable 1 : 28
Value of pointer variable 2 : 223.324
Value of store in block of memory: 11 12 13 14 15

delete 运算符

delete 运算符用于取消分配内存。用户有权通过此 delete 运算符取消分配已创建的指针变量。

以下是 C++ 语言中 delete 运算符的语法:

delete pointer_variable;

以下是删除已分配内存块的语法:

delete[ ] pointer_variable;

以下是在 C++ 语言中使用 delete 运算符的示例:

示例

 实时演示

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
   int *ptr1 = NULL;
   ptr1 = new int;
   float *ptr2 = new float(299.121);
   int *ptr3 = new int[28];
   *ptr1 = 28;
   cout << "Value of pointer variable 1 : " << *ptr1 << endl;
   cout << "Value of pointer variable 2 : " << *ptr2 << endl;
   if (!ptr3)
   cout << "Allocation of memory failed\n";
   else {
      for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++)
      ptr3[i] = i+1;
      cout << "Value of store in block of memory: ";
      for (int i = 10; i < 15; i++)
      cout << ptr3[i] << " ";
   }
   delete ptr1;
   delete ptr2;
   delete[] ptr3;
   return 0;
}

输出

Value of pointer variable 1 : 28
Value of pointer variable 2 : 299.121
Value of store in block of memory: 11 12 13 14 15

更新于: 2020-06-24

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