Python - 代理服务器

代理服务器用于通过另一台服务器浏览某些网站，以保持匿名的浏览状态。也可用于绕过对特定IP地址的封锁。

我们可以使用urllib模块中的urlopen方法来访问网站，方法是将代理服务器地址作为参数传递。

示例

在以下示例中，我们使用代理地址访问网站twitter.com以实现匿名访问。OK响应状态证明通过代理服务器成功访问了该网站。

import urllib
URL = 'https://www.twitter.com'
PROXY_ADDRESS = "265.24.11.6:8080"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    resp = urllib.urlopen(URL, proxies = {"http" : PROXY_ADDRESS})
print "Proxy server returns response headers: %s " %resp.headers

当我们运行以上程序时，会得到以下输出 -

Proxy server returns response headers: cache-control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0
content-length: 145960
content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
date: Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:19 GMT
expires: Tue, 31 Mar 1981 05:00:00 GMT
last-modified: Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:19 GMT
pragma: no-cache
server: tsa_n
set-cookie: fm=0; Expires=Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:10 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure; HTTPOnly
set-cookie: _twitter_sess=BAh7CSIKZmxhc2hJQzonQWN0aW9uQ29udHJvbGxlcjo6Rmxhc2g6OkZsYXNo%250ASGFzaHsABjoKQHVzZWR7ADoPY3JlYXRlZF9hdGwrCAifvVhkAToMY3NyZl9p%250AZCIlNzlhY2ZhMzdmNGFkYTU0ZTRmMDkxODRhNWNiYzI0MDI6B2lkIiUyZTgy%250AOTAyYjY4NTBkMzE3YzNjYTQwNzZjZDhhYjZhMQ%253D%253D--6807256d74a01129a7b0dcf383f56f169fb8a66c; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure; HTTPOnly
set-cookie: personalization_id="v1_iDacJdPWUx3e81f8UErWTA=="; Expires=Wed, 01 Jul 2020 02:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com
set-cookie: guest_id=v1%3A153049717939764273; Expires=Wed, 01 Jul 2020 02:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com
set-cookie: ct0=50c8b59b09322825cd750ea082e43bdc; Expires=Mon, 02 Jul 2018 08:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure
status: 200 OK
strict-transport-security: max-age=631138519
x-connection-hash: 89dfbab81abc35dd8f618509c6171bd3
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-response-time: 312
x-transaction: 007b998000f86eaf
x-twitter-response-tags: BouncerCompliant
x-ua-compatible: IE=edge,chrome=1
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block; report=https://twitter.com/i/xss_report