使用 C++ 的斯坦因算法查找 GCD
斯坦因算法用于发现数字的 GCD,因为它计算两个非负整数的最大公约数。它用数学位移、比较和减法代替除法。如果 a 和 b 都是 0,则 gcd 为零 gcd(0, 0) = 0。GCD(a,b) 的算法如下;
算法
START Step-1: check If both a and b are 0, gcd is zero gcd(0, 0) = 0. Step-2: then gcd(a, 0) = a and gcd(0, b) = b because everything divides 0. Step-3: check If a and b are both even, gcd(a, b) = 2*gcd(a/2, b/2) because 2 is a common divisor. Multiplication with 2 can be done with a bitwise shift operator. Step-4: If a is even and b is odd, gcd(a, b) = gcd(a/2, b). Similarly, if a is odd and b is even, then gcd(a, b) = gcd(a, b/2). It is because 2 is not a common divisor. Step-5: If both a and b are odd, then gcd(a, b) = gcd(|a-b|/2, b). Note that difference of two odd numbers is even Step-6: Repeat steps 3–5 until a = b, or until a = 0. END
根据上述算法来计算 2 个数字的 GCD,相应的 C++ 代码如下;
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int funGCD(int x, int y){ if (x == 0) return y; if (y == 0) return x; int k; for (k = 0; ((x | y) && 1) == 0; ++k){ x >>= 1; y >>= 1; } while ((x > 1) == 0) x >>= 1; do { while ((y > 1) == 0) y >>= 1; if (x > y) swap(x, y); // Swap u and v. y = (y - x); } while (y != 0); return x << k; } int main(){ int a = 24, b = 18; printf("Calculated GCD of numbers (24,18) is= %d\n", funGCD(a, b)); return 0; }
输出
最后,通过应用斯坦因算法,以 6 计算出两个给定数字 24 和 18 的 GCD,如下所示;
Calculated GCD of numbers (24,18) is= 6
广告