使用哈希映射解决锁和密钥问题


给定一个不同的锁的列表和另一个密钥的列表。我们的任务是从给定的列表中找到锁和密钥的正确匹配,并在正确时将该密钥分配给锁。

在此方法中,我们将遍历所有锁并创建一个哈希映射,然后在哈希映射中搜索每个键。当键匹配时,将该键标记为有效键并分配给锁。

输入和输出

Input:
The lists of locks and keys.
lock = { ),@,*,^,(,%, !,$,&,#}
key = { !, (, #, %, ), ^, &, *, $, @ }
Output:
After matching Locks and Keys:
Locks: ! ( # % ) ^ & * $ @
Keys: ! ( # % ) ^ & * $ @

算法

lockAndKeyProblem(lock, key, n)

输入:锁的列表、密钥的列表、n。

输出:找出哪个密钥对应于哪个锁。

Begin
   define hashmap
   for i in range (0 to n-1), do
      hashmap[lock[i]] := i  //set hashmap for locks
   done

   for i in range (0 to n-1), do
      if key[i] is found in the hashmap, then
         lock[i] = key[i]
   done
End

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示例

#include<iostream>
#include<map>
using namespace std;

void show(char array[], int n) {
   for(int i = 0; i<n; i++)
      cout << array[i] << " ";
}

void lockAndKeyProblem(char lock[], char key[], int n) {
   map<char, int> hashMap;
   for(int i = 0; i<n; i++)
      hashMap[lock[i]] = i;           //hash map for locks

   for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) //for each keys for each lock
      if(hashMap.find(key[i]) != hashMap.end()) {
         lock[i] = key[i];
      }
}

int main() {
   char lock[] = {')','@','*','^','(','%','!','$','&','#'};
   char key[] = {'!','(','#','%',')','^','&','*','$','@'};
   int n = 10;
   lockAndKeyProblem(lock, key, n);
   cout << "After matching Locks and Keys:"<<endl;
   cout << "Locks: "; show(lock, n); cout << endl;
   cout << "Keys: "; show(key, n); cout << endl;
}

输出

After matching Locks and Keys:
Locks: ! ( # % ) ^ & * $ @
Keys: ! ( # % ) ^ & * $ @

更新于: 17-6 月-2020

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