Android中CardView和RecyclerView的结合使用
在学习RecyclerView的CardView示例之前,我们应该了解Android中的RecyclerView是什么。RecyclerView是ListView的更高级版本,它基于ViewHolder设计模式工作。使用RecyclerView,我们可以显示网格和项目列表。
CardView是FrameLayout的扩展,用于以卡片方式显示项目。它支持半径和阴影作为预定义标签。
此示例演示如何通过创建一个显示学生姓名和年龄的漂亮学生记录应用程序来将RecyclerView与CardView集成。
步骤1 - 在Android Studio中创建一个新项目,转到文件 ⇒ 新建项目,并填写所有必需的详细信息以创建新项目。
步骤2 - 打开build.gradle并添加RecyclerView和CardView库依赖项。
apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 28 defaultConfig { applicationId "com.example.andy.tutorialspoint" minSdkVersion 19 targetSdkVersion 28 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0' implementation 'com.android.support:design:28.0.0' implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3' implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:28.0.0' implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0' testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2' }
步骤3 - 将以下代码添加到res/layout/activity_main.xml。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" app:layout_behavior = "@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" tools:showIn = "@layout/activity_main" tools:context = ".MainActivity"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recycler_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:scrollbars="vertical" /> </RelativeLayout>
在上面的代码中,我们已将RecyclerView添加到窗口管理器作为相对父布局。
步骤4 - 将以下代码添加到src/MainActivity.java
package com.example.andy.tutorialspoint; import android.annotation.TargetApi; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.support.v7.widget.DividerItemDecoration; import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private RecyclerView recyclerView; private StudentAdapter studentAdapter; private List<studentData> studentDataList = new ArrayList<>(); @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O) @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view); studentAdapter = new StudentAdapter(studentDataList); RecyclerView.LayoutManager manager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(manager); recyclerView.setAdapter(studentAdapter); StudentDataPrepare(); } @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N) private void StudentDataPrepare() { studentData data = new studentData("sai", 25); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("sai", 25); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("raghu", 20); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("raj", 28); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("amar", 15); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("bapu", 19); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("chandra", 52); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("deraj", 30); studentDataList.add(data); data = new studentData("eshanth", 28); studentDataList.add(data); Collections.sort(studentDataList, new Comparator() { @Override public int compare(studentData o1, studentData o2) { return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name); } }); } }
在上面的代码中,我们添加了RecyclerView和studentAdapter。在studentAdapter中,我们传递了studentDataList作为ArrayList。StudentDataList包含学生姓名和年龄。
要获得网格,我们必须使用GridLayout Manager,如下所示:
RecyclerView.LayoutManager manager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2);
在上面的代码中,我们使用LayoutManager作为GridLayout Manager,并将单元格设置为2。因此,它将在每一行显示两个网格的结果。
为了比较RecyclerView项目,我们使用了集合框架和sort方法,如下所示:
Collections.sort(studentDataList, new Comparator() { @Override public int compare(studentData o1, studentData o2) { return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name); } });
在上面的代码中,我们使用名称来比较元素。
步骤5 - 以下是修改后的文件src/StudentAdapter.java的内容。package com.example.andy.tutorialspoint;
import android.graphics.Color; import android.support.annotation.NonNull; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.List; import java.util.Random; class StudentAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter { List studentDataList; public StudentAdapter(List studentDataList) { this.studentDataList=studentDataList; } @NonNull @Override public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup viewGroup, int i) { View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(viewGroup.getContext()) .inflate(R.layout.student_list_row, viewGroup, false); return new MyViewHolder(itemView); } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder viewHolder, int i) { studentData data=studentDataList.get(i); Random rnd = new Random(); int currentColor = Color.argb(255, rnd.nextInt(256), rnd.nextInt(256), rnd.nextInt(256)); viewHolder.parent.setBackgroundColor(currentColor); viewHolder.name.setText(data.name); viewHolder.age.setText(String.valueOf(data.age)); } @Override public int getItemCount() { return studentDataList.size(); } class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { TextView name,age; LinearLayout parent; public MyViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); parent = itemView.findViewById(R.id.parent); name = itemView.findViewById(R.id.name); age = itemView.findViewById(R.id.age); } } }
在适配器类中,我们有四个方法,如下所示:
onCreateViewHolder():- 用于创建ViewHolder,并返回一个视图。
onBindViewHolder() - 它将与创建的ViewHolder绑定。
getItemCount() - 它包含列表的大小。
MyViewHolder类 - 这是ViewHolder内部类,它是RecyclerView.ViewHolder的扩展。
为了为RecyclerView项目设置随机背景,我们使用random类(Android中的预定义类)生成了随机颜色,并将颜色添加到视图项目的父项,如下所示:
Random rnd = new Random(); int currentColor = Color.argb(255, rnd.nextInt(256), rnd.nextInt(256), rnd.nextInt(256)); viewHolder.parent.setBackgroundColor(currentColor);
步骤6 - 以下是修改后的xml文件res/layout/student_list_row.xml的内容。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <android.support.v7.widget.CardView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:card_view = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:layout_width = "match_parent" card_view:cardCornerRadius = "4dp" android:id =" @+id/card_view" android:layout_margin = "10dp" android:layout_height = "200dp"> <LinearLayout android:id = "@+id/parent" android:layout_gravity = "center" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:orientation = "vertical" android:gravity = "center" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id = "@+id/name" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:gravity = "center" android:textSize = "25sp" android:textColor = "#FFF" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id = "@+id/age" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:gravity = "center" android:textSize = "25sp" android:textColor = "#FFF" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout> </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
在上面的列表项视图中,我们在CardView内为姓名和年龄创建了两个TextView。CardView包含预定义的圆角和阴影属性。因此,我们使用了CardView的圆角。
步骤7 - 以下是修改后的文件src/studentData.java的内容。package com.example.andy.tutorialspoint;
class studentData { String name; int age; public studentData(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } }
上面的代码说明了studentData对象。让我们尝试运行您的应用程序。我假设您已将您的实际Android移动设备连接到您的计算机。要在Android Studio中运行该应用程序,请打开您的项目活动文件之一,然后单击运行 工具栏中的图标。选择您的移动设备作为选项,然后检查您的移动设备,它将显示您的默认屏幕:
现在向下滚动到RecyclerView,它将显示如下结果:
点击这里下载项目代码