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法学研究C/C++ 程序如何使用归并排序计算数组中的逆序数？
一个数组的逆序数表示将其转换为已排序形式所需的更改次数。当一个数组已经排序时，它需要 0 个逆序，而在其他情况下，如果数组倒置，则逆序数的数量将会最大。
为了解决这个问题，我们将遵循归并排序方法以减少时间复杂度，并将其用于分治法算法。
输入
A sequence of numbers. (1, 5, 6, 4, 20).
输出
将数字按升序排列所需的逆序数。
Here the number of inversions are 2. First inversion: (1, 5, 4, 6, 20) Second inversion: (1, 4, 5, 6, 20)
算法
merge(array, tempArray, left, mid, right)
输入 - 两个数组，进行了合并，左、右和中间索引。
输出 - 已排序的合并数组。
Begin i := left, j := mid, k := right count := 0 while i <= mid -1 and j <= right, do if array[i] <= array[j], then tempArray[k] := array[i] increase i and k by 1 else tempArray[k] := array[j] increase j and k by 1 count := count + (mid - i) done while left part of the array has some extra element, do tempArray[k] := array[i] increase i and k by 1 done while right part of the array has some extra element, do tempArray[k] := array[j] increase j and k by 1 done return count End
mergeSort(array, tempArray, left, right)
输入 - 给定数组和临时数组，数组的左和右索引。
输出 - 排序后的逆序数数量。
Begin count := 0 if right > left, then mid := (right + left)/2 count := mergeSort(array, tempArray, left, mid) count := count + mergeSort(array, tempArray, mid+1, right) count := count + merge(array, tempArray, left, mid+1, right) return count End
示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int merge(int arr[], int temp[], int left, int mid, int right) {
int i, j, k;
int count = 0;
i = left; //i to locate first array location
j = mid; //i to locate second array location
k = left; //i to locate merged array location
while ((i <= mid - 1) && (j <= right)) {
if (arr[i] <= arr[j]){ //when left item is less than right item
temp[k++] = arr[i++];
} else {
temp[k++] = arr[j++];
count += (mid - i); //find how many convertion is performed
}
}
while (i <= mid - 1) //if first list has remaining item, add them in the list
temp[k++] = arr[i++];
while (j <= right) //if second list has remaining item, add them in the list
temp[k++] = arr[j++];
for (i=left; i <= right; i++)
arr[i] = temp[i]; //store temp Array to main array
return count;
}
int mergeSort(int arr[], int temp[], int left, int right){
int mid, count = 0;
if (right > left) {
mid = (right + left)/2; //find mid index of the array
count = mergeSort(arr, temp, left, mid); //merge sort left sub array
count += mergeSort(arr, temp, mid+1, right); //merge sort right sub array
count += merge(arr, temp, left, mid+1, right); //merge two sub arrays
}
return count;
}
int arrInversion(int arr[], int n) {
int temp[n];
return mergeSort(arr, temp, 0, n - 1);
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {1, 5, 6, 4, 20};
int n = 5;
cout << "Number of inversions are "<< arrInversion(arr, n);
}输出
Number of inversions are 2
更新于：30-7-2019
704 次浏览
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