Chef - 测试厨房设置

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Test Kitchen 是 Chef 集成的测试框架。它允许编写测试菜谱，这些菜谱将在虚拟机实例化并使用 Cookbook 收敛后运行。测试菜谱在该虚拟机上运行，并可以验证所有内容是否按预期工作。

ChefSpec 仅模拟 Chef 运行。Test Kitchen 启动真正的节点并在其上运行 Chef。

步骤 1 - 安装 test kitchen Ruby gem 和 test kitchen vagrant gem 以使 test kitchen 能够使用 vagrant 启动测试。

$ gem install kitchen 
$ gem install kitchen-vagrant

步骤 2 - 设置 test kitchen。这可以通过在 Cookbook 目录中创建.kitchen.yml 来完成。

driver_plugin: vagrant 
driver_config: 
   require_chef_omnibus: true 
platforms: 
   - name: ubuntu-12.04 
   driver_config: 
      box: opscode-ubuntu-12.04 
      box_url: https://opscode-vm.s3.amazonaws.com/vagrant/opscode_ 
      ubuntu-12.04_provisionerless.box 
suites: 
   - name: default 
run_list: 
   - recipe[minitest-handler] 
   - recipe[my_cookbook_test] 
attributes: { my_cookbook: { greeting: 'Ohai, Minitest!'} }

在上面的代码中，一部分定义了 vagrant 需要启动虚拟机，并定义了您希望 Omnibus 在目标节点上安装 Chef。

第二部分定义了您希望测试 Cookbook 的平台。Vagrant 将始终创建和销毁新实例。您不必担心使用 Vagrantfile 启动的 vagrant 虚拟机的副作用。

Test Kitchen 可以被认为是一个临时环境，有助于在类似于生产环境的临时环境中运行和测试 Cookbook。使用 Test Kitchen，可以在将代码实际部署到测试、预生产和生产环境之前，确保给定的代码片段正常工作。许多组织在将 Cookbook 放入实际工作环境之前，都会遵循 Test Kitchen 的这一特性。

Test Kitchen 工作流程

以下是 Test Kitchen 工作流程中涉及的步骤。

Kitchen Workflow

使用 Chef 创建 Cookbook

使用以下代码创建 Cookbook。

$ chef generate cookbook motd_rhel 
Installing Cookbook Gems: 

Compiling Cookbooks... 
Recipe: code_generator::cookbook
   * directory[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel] action create
      - create new directory C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel
   
   * template[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/metadata.rb] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/metadata.rb
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/metadata.rb from none to 
      d6fcc2 (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * template[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/README.md] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/README.md
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/README.md from none to 50deab
         (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * cookbook_file[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/chefignore] action create
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/chefignore
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/chefignore from none to 15fac5
         (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * cookbook_file[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/Berksfile] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/Berksfile
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/Berksfile from none to 9f08dc
         (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * template[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.kitchen.yml] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.kitchen.yml
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.kitchen.yml
         from none to 49b92b (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * directory[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/default/serverspec]
      action create 
      - create new directory 
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/default/serverspec
   
   * directory[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/helpers/serverspec]
      action create 
      - create new directory 
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/helpers/serverspec
   
   * cookbook_file
      [C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/helpers/serverspec/spec_helper.rb]
      action create_if_missing
      - create new file 
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/helpers/serverspec/spec_helper.rb
      - update content in file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/helpers/serverspec/spec_helper.rb
            from none to d85df4 (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * template
      [C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/default/serverspec/defaul t_spec.rb]
      action create_if_missing
      - create new file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/default/serverspec/default_spec.rb
      - update content in file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/test/integration/default/serverspec/default_spec.rb
            from none to 3fbdbd (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * directory[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/unit/recipes] action create
      - create new directory C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/unit/recipes
   
   * cookbook_file
      [C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/spec_helper.rb] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/spec_helper.rb
      - update content in file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/spec_helper.rb from none to 587075
            (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * template
      [C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/unit/recipes/default_spec.rb]
      action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/unit/recipes/default_spec.rb
      - update content in file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/spec/unit/recipes/default_spec.rb
            from none to ff3b17 (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * directory[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/recipes] action create
      - create new directory C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/recipes
   
   * template[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/recipes/default.rb] action create_if_missing
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/recipes/default.rb
      - update content in file
         C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/recipes/default.rb from none to c4b029
            (diff output suppressed by config) 
   
   * execute[initialize-git] action run 
      - execute git init . 
   
   * cookbook_file[C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.gitignore] action create
      - create new file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.gitignore
      - update content in file C:/chef/cookbooks/motd_rhel/.gitignore from none to 33d469
         (diff output suppressed by config)
   
   * execute[git-add-new-files] action run
      - execute git add .
   
   * execute[git-commit-new-files] action run 
      - execute git commit -m "Add generated cookbook content"

以下是作为上述代码输出的已创建 Cookbook 结构。

Structure

Test Kitchen 配置文件

.kitchen.yaml 文件

driver: 
   name: vagrant 
provisioner: 
   name: chef_zero 
# verifier: 
# name: inspec 
# format: doc 
platforms: 
   - name: ubuntu-14.04 
suites: 
   - name: default 
   run_list: 
      - recipe[motd_rhel::default] 
   attributes:

驱动程序 - 它指定管理机器的软件。

供应程序 - 它提供有关 Chef 如何运行的规范。我们使用 chef_zero，因为它能够在本地机器上模拟 Chef 服务器环境。这允许使用节点属性和 Chef 服务器规范。

平台 - 这指定了目标操作系统。

套件 - 它定义了您希望在虚拟环境上应用的内容。在这里，您定义多个定义。它是定义运行列表的位置，该列表指定要运行哪个菜谱以及需要按什么顺序运行。

按顺序运行命令

Kitchen 列表

$ kitchen list 
Instance  Driver  Provisioner Verifier   Transport Last Action 
ubuntu-1404 Vagrant ChefZero   Busser       Ssh   <Not Created>

Kitchen 创建

$ kitchen create
-----> Starting Kitchen (v1.4.2)
-----> Creating <default-centos-72>...
      Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
      ==> default: Box 'opscode-centos-7.2' could not be found.
         Attempting to find and install...
      default: Box Provider: virtualbox
      default: Box Version: >= 0
      ==> default: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
         ==> default: Adding box 'opscode-centos-7.2' (v0) for provider: virtualbox
         default: Downloading:
            https://opscode-vmbento.s3.amazonaws.com/vagrant/virtualbox/
            opscode_centos-7.1_chefprovisionerless.box[...]
         Vagrant instance <default-centos-72> created.
         Finished creating <default-centos-72> (3m12.01s).
         -----> Kitchen is finished. (3m12.60s)

Kitchen 收敛

$ kitchen converge 
-----> Converging <default-centos-72>...        
      Preparing files for transfer        
      Preparing dna.json        
      Resolving cookbook dependencies with Berkshelf 4.0.1...
      Removing non-cookbook files before transfer       
      Preparing validation.pem        
      Preparing client.rb 
-----> Chef Omnibus   installation detected (install only if missing)        
      Transferring files to <default-centos-72>       
      Starting Chef Client, version 12.6.0        
      resolving cookbooks for run list: ["motd_rhel::default"]
      Synchronizing Cookbooks: - motd_rhel (0.1.0)       
      Compiling Cookbooks...       Converging 1 resources        
      Recipe: motd_rhel::default        (up to date)         
      Running handlers:       Running handlers complete       
      Chef Client finished, 0/1 resources updated in 01 seconds        
      Finished converging <default-centos-72> (0m3.57s). 
      -----> Kitchen is finished. (0m4.55s)

测试设置

Kitchen 登录用于测试测试虚拟机是否已正确配置。

$ kitchen login 
Last login: Thu Jan 30 19:02:14 2017 from 10.0.2.2 
hostname:  default-centos-72 
fqdn:      default-centos-72 
memory:    244180kBcpu count: 1

最后退出

$ exit 
Logout 
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

销毁设置

$ Kitchen destroy 
-----> Starting Kitchen (v1.4.2) 
-----> Destroying <default-centos-72>...       
   ==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...        
   ==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...        
   Vagrant instance <default-centos-72> destroyed.        
   Finished destroying <default-centos-72> (0m4.94s). 
-----> Kitchen is finished. (0m5.93s)
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