C++ 最短作业优先(SJF)调度(抢占式)程序
给定进程、每个进程的突发时间和一个时间片限制;任务是使用最短作业优先抢占式方法找到并打印等待时间、周转时间及其各自的平均时间。
什么是最短作业优先调度?
最短作业优先调度是一种作业或进程调度算法,它遵循非抢占式调度规则。在这种调度中,调度程序从等待队列中选择完成时间最短的进程,并将 CPU 分配给该作业或进程。最短作业优先比先到先服务算法更受欢迎,因为它更优化,因为它减少了平均等待时间,从而提高了吞吐量。
SJF 算法可以是抢占式的,也可以是非抢占式的。抢占式调度也称为**最短剩余时间优先**调度。在抢占式方法中,当已经有正在执行的进程时,新的进程就会出现。如果新到达进程的突发时间小于正在执行进程的突发时间,则调度程序将抢占具有较短突发时间的进程的执行。
什么是周转时间、等待时间和完成时间?
- **完成时间**是进程完成执行所需的时间。
**周转时间**是进程提交到完成之间的时间间隔。
周转时间 = 进程完成时间 - 进程提交时间
**等待时间**是周转时间和突发时间之间的差值。
等待时间 = 周转时间 - 突发时间
示例
我们给出了进程 P1、P2、P3、P4 和 P5,以及它们相应的突发时间如下所示
进程 | 突发时间 | 到达时间 |
---|---|---|
P1 | 4 | 0 |
P2 | 2 | 1 |
P3 | 8 | 2 |
P4 | 1 | 3 |
P5 | 9 | 4 |
由于 P1 的到达时间为 0,因此它将首先执行,直到另一个进程到达。当在 1 时,进程 P2 进入,并且 P2 的突发时间小于 P1 的突发时间,因此调度程序将把 CPU 分配给进程 P2,依此类推。
平均等待时间是根据甘特图计算的。P1 必须等待 (0+4)4,P2 必须等待 1,P3 必须等待 7,P4 必须等待 3,P5 必须等待 15。因此,它们的平均等待时间将为 -
算法
Start Step 1-> Declare a struct Process Declare pid, bt, art Step 2-> In function findTurnAroundTime(Process proc[], int n, int wt[], int tat[]) Loop For i = 0 and i < n and i++ Set tat[i] = proc[i].bt + wt[i] Step 3-> In function findWaitingTime(Process proc[], int n, int wt[]) Declare rt[n] Loop For i = 0 and i < n and i++ Set rt[i] = proc[i].bt Set complete = 0, t = 0, minm = INT_MAX Set shortest = 0, finish_time Set bool check = false Loop While (complete != n) Loop For j = 0 and j < n and j++ If (proc[j].art <= t) && (rt[j] < minm) && rt[j] > 0 then, Set minm = rt[j] Set shortest = j Set check = true If check == false then, Increment t by 1 Continue Decrement the value of rt[shortest] by 1 Set minm = rt[shortest] If minm == 0 then, Set minm = INT_MAX If rt[shortest] == 0 then, Increment complete by 1 Set check = false Set finish_time = t + 1 Set wt[shortest] = finish_time - proc[shortest].bt -proc[shortest].art If wt[shortest] < 0 Set wt[shortest] = 0 Increment t by 1 Step 4-> In function findavgTime(Process proc[], int n) Declare and set wt[n], tat[n], total_wt = 0, total_tat = 0 Call findWaitingTime(proc, n, wt) Call findTurnAroundTime(proc, n, wt, tat) Loop For i = 0 and i < n and i++ Set total_wt = total_wt + wt[i] Set total_tat = total_tat + tat[i] Print proc[i].pid, proc[i].bt, wt[i], tat[i] Print Average waiting time i.e., total_wt / n Print Average turn around time i.e., total_tat / n Step 5-> In function int main() Declare and set Process proc[] = { { 1, 5, 1 }, { 2, 3, 1 }, { 3, 6, 2 }, { 4, 5, 3 } } Set n = sizeof(proc) / sizeof(proc[0]) Call findavgTime(proc, n) Stop
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示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; //structure for every process struct Process { int pid; // Process ID int bt; // Burst Time int art; // Arrival Time }; void findTurnAroundTime(Process proc[], int n, int wt[], int tat[]) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) tat[i] = proc[i].bt + wt[i]; } //waiting time of all process void findWaitingTime(Process proc[], int n, int wt[]) { int rt[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) rt[i] = proc[i].bt; int complete = 0, t = 0, minm = INT_MAX; int shortest = 0, finish_time; bool check = false; while (complete != n) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if ((proc[j].art <= t) && (rt[j] < minm) && rt[j] > 0) { minm = rt[j]; shortest = j; check = true; } } if (check == false) { t++; continue; } // decrementing the remaining time rt[shortest]--; minm = rt[shortest]; if (minm == 0) minm = INT_MAX; // If a process gets completely // executed if (rt[shortest] == 0) { complete++; check = false; finish_time = t + 1; // Calculate waiting time wt[shortest] = finish_time - proc[shortest].bt - proc[shortest].art; if (wt[shortest] < 0) wt[shortest] = 0; } // Increment time t++; } } // Function to calculate average time void findavgTime(Process proc[], int n) { int wt[n], tat[n], total_wt = 0, total_tat = 0; // Function to find waiting time of all // processes findWaitingTime(proc, n, wt); // Function to find turn around time for // all processes findTurnAroundTime(proc, n, wt, tat); cout << "Processes " << " Burst time " << " Waiting time " << " Turn around time\n"; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { total_wt = total_wt + wt[i]; total_tat = total_tat + tat[i]; cout << " " << proc[i].pid << "\t\t" << proc[i].bt << "\t\t " << wt[i] << "\t\t " << tat[i] << endl; } cout << "\nAverage waiting time = " << (float)total_wt / (float)n; cout << "\nAverage turn around time = " << (float)total_tat / (float)n; } // main function int main() { Process proc[] = { { 1, 5, 1 }, { 2, 3, 1 }, { 3, 6, 2 }, { 4, 5, 3 } }; int n = sizeof(proc) / sizeof(proc[0]); findavgTime(proc, n); return 0; }