C++ 程序实现计数排序


计数排序是一种稳定的排序技术,它用于根据小数值型键对对象排序。它对键值相同的键的数量进行计数。当不同键之间的差异不是很大的时候,这种排序技术很有效;否则,它会导致空间复杂度增加。

计数排序技术的时间复杂度

  • 时间复杂度:O(n+r)

  • 空间复杂度:O(n+r)

输入 - 一系列未排序的数据:2 5 6 2 3 10 3 6 7 8

输出 - 排序后的数组:2 2 3 3 5 6 6 7 8 10

算法

countingSort(array, size)

输入:一个数据数组和数组中的总数

输出:已排序的数组

Begin
   max = get maximum element from array.
   define count array of size [max+1]
   for i := 0 to max do
      count[i] = 0 //set all elements in the count array to 0
   done
   for i := 1 to size do
      increase count of each number which have found in the array
   done
   for i := 1 to max do
      count[i] = count[i] + count[i+1] //find cumulative frequency
   done
   for i := size to 1 decrease by 1 do
      store the number in the output array
      decrease count[i]
   done
   return the output array
End

示例代码

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
void display(int *array, int size) {
   for(int i = 1; i<=size; i++)
      cout << array[i] << " ";
   cout << endl;
}
int getMax(int array[], int size) {
   int max = array[1];
   for(int i = 2; i<=size; i++) {
      if(array[i] > max)
         max = array[i];
   }
   return max; //the max element from the array
}
void countSort(int *array, int size) {
   int output[size+1];
   int max = getMax(array, size);
   int count[max+1];     //create count array (max+1 number of elements)
   for(int i = 0; i<=max; i++)
      count[i] = 0;     //initialize count array to all zero
   for(int i = 1; i <=size; i++)
      count[array[i]]++;     //increase number count in count array.
   for(int i = 1; i<=max; i++)
      count[i] += count[i-1];     //find cumulative frequency
   for(int i = size; i>=1; i--) {
      output[count[array[i]]] = array[i];
      count[array[i]] -= 1; //decrease count for same numbers
   }
   for(int i = 1; i<=size; i++) {
      array[i] = output[i]; //store output array to main array
   }
}
int main() {
   int n;
   cout << "Enter the number of elements: ";
   cin >> n;
   int arr[n+1];       //create an array with given number of elements
   cout << "Enter elements:" << endl;
   for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++) {
      cin >> arr[i];
   }
   cout << "Array before Sorting: ";
   display(arr, n);
   countSort(arr, n);
   cout << "Array after Sorting: ";
   display(arr, n);
}

输出

Enter the number of elements: 10
Enter elements:
2 5 6 2 3 10 3 6 7 8
Array before Sorting: 2 5 6 2 3 10 3 6 7 8
Array after Sorting: 2 2 3 3 5 6 6 7 8 10

更新日期: 30-Jul-2019

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