在 Java 中查找平衡 BST 中具有给定和的配对
概念
针对给定的平衡二叉搜索树和目标和,我们编写一个函数,如果存在和等于目标和的配对,则返回 true,否则返回 false。在这种情况下,期望的时间复杂度为 O(n),并且只能实现 O(Logn) 的额外空间。在此,不允许对二叉搜索树进行任何修改。我们需要注意的是,平衡 BST 的高度始终为 O(Logn)。
示例

方法
根据蛮力解决方案,我们考虑 BST 中的每一对,并验证其和是否等于 X。此解决方案的时间复杂度将为 O(n^2)。
现在,一个更好的解决方案是构建一个辅助数组,并将 BST 的中序遍历存储在数组中。在这种情况下,数组将被排序,因为 BST 的中序遍历始终生成排序数据。因此,在中序遍历可用后,我们可以在 O(n) 时间内配对。请记住,此解决方案在 O(n) 时间内工作,但需要 O(n) 的辅助空间。
示例
// Java code to find a pair with given sum
// in a Balanced BST
import java.util.ArrayList;
// A binary tree node
class Node1 {
int data1;
Node1 left1, right1;
Node1(int d){
data1 = d;
left1 = right1 = null;
}
}
public class BinarySearchTree {
// Indicates root of BST
Node1 root1;
// Indicates constructor
BinarySearchTree(){
root1 = null;
}
// Indicates inorder traversal of the tree
void inorder(){
inorderUtil1(this.root1);
}
// Indicates utility function for inorder traversal of the tree
void inorderUtil1(Node1 node1){
if (node1 == null)
return;
inorderUtil1(node1.left1);
System.out.print(node1.data1 + " ");
inorderUtil1(node1.right1);
}
// Now this method mainly calls insertRec()
void insert(int key1){
root1 = insertRec1(root1, key1);
}
/* Indicates a recursive function to insert a new key in BST */
Node1 insertRec1(Node1 root1, int data1){
/* So if the tree is empty, return a new node */
if (root1 == null) {
root1 = new Node1(data1);
return root1;
}
/* Otherwise, recur down the tree */
if (data1 < root1.data1)
root1.left1 = insertRec1(root1.left1, data1);
else if (data1 > root1.data1)
root1.right1 = insertRec1(root1.right1, data1);
return root1;
}
// Indicates method that adds values of given BST into ArrayList
// and hence returns the ArrayList
ArrayList<Integer> treeToList(Node1 node1, ArrayList<Integer> list1){
// Indicates Base Case
if (node1 == null)
return list1;
treeToList(node1.left1, list1);
list1.add(node1.data1);
treeToList(node1.right1, list1);
return list1;
}
// Indicates method that checks if there is a pair present
boolean isPairPresent(Node1 node1, int target1){
// Now this list a1 is passed as an argument
// in treeToList method
// which is later on filled by the values of BST
ArrayList<Integer> a1 = new ArrayList<>();
// Now a2 list contains all the values of BST
// returned by treeToList method
ArrayList<Integer> a2 = treeToList(node1, a1);
int start1 = 0; // Indicates starting index of a2
int end1 = a2.size() - 1; // Indicates ending index of a2
while (start1 < end1) {
if (a2.get(start1) + a2.get(end1) == target1) // Target Found!{
System.out.println("Pair Found: " + a2.get(start1) + " + " + a2.get(end1) + " " + "= " + target1);
return true;
}
if (a2.get(start1) + a2.get(end1) > target1)
// decrements end
{
end1--;
}
if (a2.get(start1) + a2.get(end1) < target1)
// increments start
{
start1++;
}
}
System.out.println("No such values are found!");
return false;
}
// Driver function
public static void main(String[] args){
BinarySearchTree tree1 = new BinarySearchTree();
/*
16
/ \
11 21
/ \ / \
9 13 17 26 */
tree1.insert(16);
tree1.insert(11);
tree1.insert(21);
tree1.insert(9);
tree1.insert(13);
tree1.insert(17);
tree1.insert(26);
tree1.isPairPresent(tree1.root1, 34);
}
}输出
Pair Found: 13 + 21 = 34
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