Java NIO - 异步文件通道



众所周知,Java NIO 支持并发和多线程,允许我们同时处理不同的通道。因此,Java NIO 包中负责此功能的 API 是 AsynchronousFileChannel,它定义在 NIO 通道包下。因此,AsynchronousFileChannel 的限定名称为java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel

AsynchronousFileChannel 与 NIO 的 FileChannel 类似,区别在于此通道允许异步执行文件操作,不像同步 I/O 操作那样,线程进入操作并等待请求完成。因此,异步通道可以安全地被多个并发线程使用。

在异步操作中,线程将请求传递给操作系统的内核来完成,而线程继续处理其他任务。内核完成任务后,它会向线程发出信号,然后线程确认信号并中断当前任务,根据需要处理 I/O 任务。

为了实现并发,此通道提供两种方法,一种是返回java.util.concurrent.Future 对象,另一种是将类型为java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler的对象传递给操作。

我们将通过示例逐一了解这两种方法。

  • Future 对象 - 在此方法中,从通道返回 Future 接口的一个实例。在 Future 接口中,有一个get()方法,它返回异步处理的操作状态,据此可以决定其他任务的进一步执行。我们还可以通过调用其isDone方法来检查任务是否已完成。

示例

以下示例显示了如何使用 Future 对象异步执行任务。

package com.java.nio;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class FutureObject {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      readFile();
   }
   private static void readFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
      String filePath = "D:fileCopy.txt";
      printFileContents(filePath);
      Path path = Paths.get(filePath);		
      AsynchronousFileChannel channel =AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.READ);
      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(400);
      Future<Integer> result = channel.read(buffer, 0); // position = 0
      while (! result.isDone()) {
         System.out.println("Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously.");
      }
      System.out.println("Reading done: " + result.isDone());
      System.out.println("Bytes read from file: " + result.get()); 
      buffer.flip();
      System.out.print("Buffer contents: ");
      while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
         System.out.print((char) buffer.get());                
      }
      System.out.println(" ");
      buffer.clear();
      channel.close();
   }
   private static void printFileContents(String path) throws IOException {
      FileReader fr = new FileReader(path);
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
      String textRead = br.readLine();
      System.out.println("File contents: ");
      while (textRead != null) {
         System.out.println("     " + textRead);
         textRead = br.readLine();
      }
   fr.close();
   br.close();
   }
}

输出

File contents: 
   To be or not to be?
   Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously.
   Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously.
   Reading done: true
   Bytes read from file: 19
   Buffer contents: To be or not to be? 
  • CompletionHandler -

    这种方法非常简单,因为它使用 CompletionHandler 接口并重写其两个方法:一个是completed()方法,在 I/O 操作成功完成时调用;另一个是failed()方法,在 I/O 操作失败时调用。在此方法中,创建一个处理程序来使用异步 I/O 操作的结果,因为只有在任务完成后,处理程序才会执行其函数。

示例

以下示例显示了如何使用 CompletionHandler 异步执行任务。

package com.java.nio;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

public class CompletionHandlerDemo {
   public static void main (String [] args) throws Exception {
      writeFile();
   }
   private static void writeFile() throws IOException {
      String input = "Content to be written to the file.";
      System.out.println("Input string: " + input);
      byte [] byteArray = input.getBytes();
      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArray);
      Path path = Paths.get("D:fileCopy.txt");
      AsynchronousFileChannel channel = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.WRITE);
      CompletionHandler handler = new CompletionHandler() {
         @Override
         public void completed(Object result, Object attachment) {
            System.out.println(attachment + " completed and " + result + " bytes are written.");
         }
         @Override
         public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {
            System.out.println(attachment + " failed with exception:");
            exc.printStackTrace();
         }
      };
      channel.write(buffer, 0, "Async Task", handler);
      channel.close();
      printFileContents(path.toString());
   }
   private static void printFileContents(String path) throws IOException {
      FileReader fr = new FileReader(path);
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
      String textRead = br.readLine();
      System.out.println("File contents: ");
      while (textRead != null) {
         System.out.println("     " + textRead);
         textRead = br.readLine();
      }
      fr.close();
      br.close();
   }
}

输出

Input string: Content to be written to the file.
Async Task completed and 34 bytes are written.
File contents: 
Content to be written to the file.
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