使用Java程序发送电子邮件
使用Java应用程序发送电子邮件非常简单,但首先你应该在你的机器上安装**JavaMail API**和**Java Activation Framework (JAF)**。
你可以从Java的官方网站下载最新版本的JavaMail (1.2版本)。
你可以从Java的官方网站下载最新版本的JAF (1.1.1版本)。
下载并解压这些文件,在新创建的顶级目录中,你会找到这两个应用程序的许多jar文件。你需要将**mail.jar**和**activation.jar**文件添加到你的CLASSPATH中。
发送简单的电子邮件
这是一个从你的机器发送简单电子邮件的例子。假设你的**本地主机**已连接到互联网,并且能够发送电子邮件。
示例
// File Name SendEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Now set the actual message
message.setText("This is actual message");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送简单的电子邮件:
输出
$ java SendEmail Sent message successfully....
如果你想向多个收件人发送电子邮件,则可以使用以下方法指定多个电子邮件ID:
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
以下是参数的说明:
**type** - 这将设置为TO,CC或BCC。其中CC代表抄送,BCC代表密送。例如:Message.RecipientType.TO
**addresses** - 这是一个电子邮件ID数组。在指定电子邮件ID时,需要使用InternetAddress()方法。
发送HTML电子邮件
这是一个从你的机器发送HTML电子邮件的例子。假设你的**本地主机**已连接到互联网,并且能够发送电子邮件。
此示例与前一个示例非常相似,不同之处在于我们在这里使用setContent()方法来设置内容,其第二个参数是“text/html”,用于指定邮件中包含HTML内容。
使用此示例,你可以发送任意大小的HTML内容。
示例
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendHTMLEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件:
输出
$ java SendHTMLEmail Sent message successfully....
发送电子邮件附件
这是一个从你的机器发送包含附件的电子邮件的例子。假设你的**本地主机**已连接到互联网,并且能够发送电子邮件。
示例
// File Name SendFileEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendFileEmail {
public static void main(String [] args) {
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "web@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Create the message part
BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// Fill the message
messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
// Create a multipar message
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// Set text message part
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Part two is attachment
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Send the complete message parts
message.setContent(multipart );
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件:
输出
$ java SendFileEmail Sent message successfully....
用户身份验证部分
如果需要向电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码进行身份验证,则可以按如下方式设置这些属性:
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其余的电子邮件发送机制将与上面解释的相同。
数据结构
网络
关系数据库管理系统 (RDBMS)
操作系统
Java
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C语言编程
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP