Spring Batch - 基础应用

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本章向您展示了 Spring Batch 的基本应用程序。它将简单地执行一个 **tasklet** 来显示一条消息。

我们的 Spring Batch 应用程序包含以下文件：

  • **配置文件** - 这是一个 XML 文件，我们在其中定义作业和作业的步骤。（如果应用程序还涉及读取器和写入器，则**读取器**和**写入器**的配置也包含在此文件中。）

  • **Context.xml** - 在此文件中，我们将定义像作业存储库、作业启动器和事务管理器这样的 bean。

  • **Tasklet 类** - 在此类中，我们将编写作业的处理代码（在本例中，它显示一条简单的消息）

  • **启动器类** - 在此类中，我们将通过运行作业启动器来启动批处理应用程序。

创建项目

创建一个新的 Maven 项目，如 Spring Batch - 环境 章节中所述。

pom.xml

以下是此 Maven 项目中使用的 pom.xml 文件的内容。

<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId> 
   <artifactId>SpringBatchSample</artifactId> 
   <packaging>jar</packaging> 
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 
   <name>SpringBatchExample</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  

   <properties> 
      <jdk.version>21</jdk.version> 
      <spring.version>5.3.14</spring.version> 
      <spring.batch.version>4.3.4</spring.batch.version> 
      <mysql.driver.version>5.1.25</mysql.driver.version> 
      <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> 
   </properties>  

   <dependencies> 
      <!-- Spring Core --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- Spring jdbc, for database --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- Spring XML to/back object --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- MySQL database driver --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>mysql</groupId> 
         <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
         <version>${mysql.driver.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- Spring Batch dependencies --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-batch-core</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.batch.version}</version> 
      </dependency> 

      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-batch-infrastructure</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.batch.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- Spring Batch unit test --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId> 
         <artifactId>spring-batch-test</artifactId> 
         <version>${spring.batch.version}</version> 
      </dependency>  

      <!-- Junit --> 
      <dependency> 
         <groupId>junit</groupId> 
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
         <version>${junit.version}</version> 
         <scope>test</scope> 
      </dependency> 
   </dependencies> 

   <build> 
      <finalName>spring-batch</finalName> 
      <plugins> 
         <plugin> 
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 
            <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.9</version> 
            <configuration> 
               <downloadSources>true</downloadSources> 
               <downloadJavadocs>false</downloadJavadocs> 
            </configuration> 
         </plugin> 
   
         <plugin> 
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 
            <version>2.3.2</version> 
            <configuration> 
               <source>${jdk.version}</source> 
               <target>${jdk.version}</target> 
            </configuration> 
         </plugin> 
      </plugins> 
   </build> 
</project>

jobConfig.xml

以下是我们示例 Spring Batch 应用程序的配置文件。在 Maven 项目的 **src > main > resources** 文件夹中创建此文件。

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
   xmlns:batch = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/batch" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/batch 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/batch/spring-batch-2.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd "> 
   <import resource="context.xml" />      
   <!-- Defining a bean --> 
   <bean id = "tasklet" class = "MyTasklet" />  
   <!-- Defining a job--> 
   <batch:job id = "helloWorldJob">  
      <!-- Defining a Step --> 
      <batch:step id = "step1"> 
         <tasklet ref = "tasklet"/>   
      </batch:step>    
   </batch:job>  
</beans>

Context.xml

以下是我们 Spring Batch 应用程序的 **context.xml**。在 Maven 项目的 **src > main > resources** 文件夹中创建此文件。

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">  
   
   <bean id = "jobRepository"   
      class="org.springframework.batch.core.repository.support.MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean"> 
      <property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> 
   </bean>     
     
   <bean id = "transactionManager" 
      class = "org.springframework.batch.support.transaction.ResourcelessTransactionManager" />  
   <bean id = "jobLauncher" 
      class = "org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher"> 
      <property name = "jobRepository" ref = "jobRepository" /> 
   </bean> 
</beans>

Tasklet.java

以下是显示简单消息的 Tasklet 类。在 Maven 项目的 **src > main > java** 文件夹中创建此类。

import org.springframework.batch.core.StepContribution; 
import org.springframework.batch.core.scope.context.ChunkContext;
import org.springframework.batch.core.step.tasklet.Tasklet;
import org.springframework.batch.repeat.RepeatStatus;  

public class MyTasklet implements Tasklet { 
   
   @Override 
   public RepeatStatus execute(StepContribution arg0, ChunkContext arg1) throws Exception {  
      System.out.println("Hello This is a sample example of spring batch"); 
      return RepeatStatus.FINISHED; 
   } 
}

App.java

以下是启动批处理过程的代码。在 Maven 项目的 **src > main > java** 文件夹中创建此类。

import org.springframework.batch.core.Job; 
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution; 
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParameters; 
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher; 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App { 
   public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { 
  
      String[] springConfig  =  {"jobConfig.xml"};  
      
      // Creating the application context object  
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springConfig); 
      
      // Creating the job launcher 
      JobLauncher jobLauncher = (JobLauncher) context.getBean("jobLauncher"); 
  
      // Creating the job 
      Job job = (Job) context.getBean("helloWorldJob"); 
  
      // Executing the JOB 
      JobExecution execution = jobLauncher.run(job, new JobParameters()); 
      System.out.println("Exit Status : " + execution.getStatus()); 
   }    
}

输出

在 Eclipse 中右键单击项目，选择 **以...方式运行 -> Maven 构建**。将目标设置为 **clean package** 并运行项目。您将看到以下输出。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m----------------< [0;36mcom.tutorialspoint:SpringBatchSample[0;1m >----------------[m
[INFO] [1mBuilding SpringBatchExample 1.0-SNAPSHOT[m
[INFO]   from pom.xml
[INFO] [1m--------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------[m
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mclean:3.2.0:clean[m [1m(default-clean)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[INFO] Deleting C:\Users\Tutorialspoint\eclipse-workspace\SpringBatchSample\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mresources:3.3.1:resources[m [1m(default-resources)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 3 resources from src\main\resources to target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mcompiler:2.3.2:compile[m [1m(default-compile)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 5 source files to C:\Users\Tutorialspoint\eclipse-workspace\SpringBatchSample\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mresources:3.3.1:testResources[m [1m(default-testResources)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource from src\test\resources to target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mcompiler:2.3.2:testCompile[m [1m(default-testCompile)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32msurefire:3.1.2:test[m [1m(default-test)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[INFO] 
[INFO] [1m--- [0;32mjar:3.3.0:jar[m [1m(default-jar)[m @ [36mSpringBatchSample[0;1m ---[m
[INFO] Building jar: C:\Users\Tutorialspoint\eclipse-workspace\SpringBatchSample\target\spring-batch.jar
[INFO] [1m------------------------------------------------------------------------[m
[INFO] [1;32mBUILD SUCCESS[m
[INFO] [1m------------------------------------------------------------------------[m
[INFO] Total time:  4.426 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-07-30T11:10:59+05:30
[INFO] [1m------------------------------------------------------------------------

要检查上述 SpringBatch 程序的输出，请右键单击 App.java 类并选择 **以...方式运行 -> Java 应用程序**。它将产生以下输出：

Jul 30, 2024 11:21:25 AM org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher afterPropertiesSet
INFO: No TaskExecutor has been set, defaulting to synchronous executor.
Jul 30, 2024 11:21:25 AM org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher$1 run
INFO: Job: [FlowJob: [name=helloWorldJob]] launched with the following parameters: [{}]
Jul 30, 2024 11:21:25 AM org.springframework.batch.core.job.SimpleStepHandler handleStep
INFO: Executing step: [step1]
Hello This is a sample example of spring batch
Jul 30, 2024 11:21:25 AM org.springframework.batch.core.step.AbstractStep execute
INFO: Step: [step1] executed in 25ms
Jul 30, 2024 11:21:25 AM org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher$1 run
INFO: Job: [FlowJob: [name=helloWorldJob]] completed with the following parameters: [{}] and the following status: [COMPLETED] in 47ms
Exit Status : COMPLETED
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