SQLite - HAVING 子句



HAVING 子句允许您指定条件,以过滤最终结果中显示的组结果。

WHERE 子句对选定的列施加条件,而 HAVING 子句对 GROUP BY 子句创建的组施加条件。

语法

以下是 HAVING 子句在 SELECT 查询中的位置。

SELECT
FROM
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY

HAVING 子句必须在查询中的 GROUP BY 子句之后,并且如果使用 ORDER BY 子句,也必须位于其之前。以下是 SELECT 语句(包括 HAVING 子句)的语法。

SELECT column1, column2
FROM table1, table2
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING [ conditions ]
ORDER BY column1, column2

示例

考虑具有以下记录的 COMPANY 表。

ID          NAME        AGE         ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           Paul        32          California  20000.0
2           Allen       25          Texas       15000.0
3           Teddy       23          Norway      20000.0
4           Mark        25          Rich-Mond   65000.0
5           David       27          Texas       85000.0
6           Kim         22          South-Hall  45000.0
7           James       24          Houston     10000.0
8           Paul        24          Houston     20000.0
9           James       44          Norway      5000.0
10          James       45          Texas       5000.0

以下示例将显示名称计数小于 2 的记录。

sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;

这将产生以下结果。

ID          NAME        AGE         ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
2           Allen       25          Texas       15000
5           David       27          Texas       85000
6           Kim         22          South-Hall  45000
4           Mark        25          Rich-Mond   65000
3           Teddy       23          Norway      20000

以下示例将显示名称计数大于 2 的记录。

sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 2;

这将产生以下结果。

ID          NAME        AGE         ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
10          James       45          Texas       5000
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