词阶梯(达到目标词的最短链长度)C++
在此问题中,我们给定一个字典和两个单词“start”和“target”。我们的任务是生成一个从 start 单词到 target 单词的链(梯子),其中创建的链路使每个单词都只与另一个单词相差一个单词,并且该单词也应该存在于字典中。目标单词存在于字典中,并且所有单词的长度也相同。程序将返回从 start 到 target 的最短路径的长度。
我们来看一个示例以理解问题,
输入
Dictionary = {‘HEAL’, ‘HATE’, ‘HEAT’, ‘TEAT’, ‘THAT’, ‘WHAT’ , ‘HAIL’ ‘THAE’} Start = ‘HELL’ Target = ‘THAE’
输出
6
说明
HELL - HEAL - HEAT - TEAT - THAT - THAE
为了解决此问题,我们将会对字典进行广度优先搜索。现在,逐步查找与前一个单词相差一字母的所有元素。并创建一个从 start 到 target 的梯子。
展示我们解决方案实现的程序,
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int wordLadder(string start, string target, set<string>& dictionary) { if (dictionary.find(target) == dictionary.end()) return 0; int level = 0, wordlength = start.size(); queue<string> ladder; ladder.push(start); while (!ladder.empty()) { ++level; int sizeOfLadder = ladder.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sizeOfLadder; ++i) { string word = ladder.front(); ladder.pop(); for (int pos = 0; pos < wordlength; ++pos) { char orig_char = word[pos]; for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c) { word[pos] = c; if (word == target) return level + 1; if (dictionary.find(word) == dictionary.end()) continue; dictionary.erase(word); ladder.push(word); } word[pos] = orig_char; } } } return 0; } int main() { set<string> dictionary; dictionary.insert("heal"); dictionary.insert("heat"); dictionary.insert("teat"); dictionary.insert("that"); dictionary.insert("what"); dictionary.insert("thae"); dictionary.insert("hlle"); string start = "hell"; string target = "thae"; cout<<"Length of shortest chain from '"<<start<<"' to '"<<target<<"' is: "<<wordLadder(start, target, dictionary); return 0; }
输出
Length of shortest chain from 'hell' to 'thae' is: 6
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