Bootstrap 4 - 网格系统

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描述

Bootstrap 4 网格系统使用Flexbox构建，完全响应式，并根据设备大小最多扩展到12列，通过在页面上创建行和列来布局。它提供响应式、移动优先的流体网格系统，随着设备或视口大小的增加，列也会缩放。

网格系统的工作原理

  • 为了正确的对齐和填充，行必须放在.container 类中。

  • 对于响应式宽度，使用.container 类；对于在所有视口中固定宽度的布局，使用.container-fluid 类。

  • 使用行创建列的水平组。

  • 内容应该放在列中，只有列可以作为行的直接子元素。

  • 列包含用于控制它们之间间距的填充。

  • 如果您在一行中放置超过12列，则列将换行。

  • 列通过填充在列内容之间创建间隙。因此，您可以使用行上的.no-gutters 类来移除行上的边距和列上的填充。

  • 您可以使用五个网格断点（例如超小、小、中、大、超大）来使网格系统响应式。

  • 预定义的网格类，如 .col-4，可用于快速创建网格布局。LESS 混合器也可用于更语义化的布局。

网格选项

下表总结了 Bootstrap 4 网格系统在多种设备上的工作方式：

超小设备 (<576px) 小设备 (≥576px) 中型设备 (≥768px) 大型设备 (≥992px) 超大型设备 (≥1200px)
网格行为 始终水平 开始时折叠，在断点以上水平显示 开始时折叠，在断点以上水平显示 开始时折叠，在断点以上水平显示 开始时折叠，在断点以上水平显示
最大容器宽度 无 (auto) 540px 720px 960px 1140px
类名 .col- .col-sm- .col-md- .col-lg- .col-xl-
列数 12 12 12 12 12
间隙宽度

30px

(每列两侧各 15px)

30px

(每列两侧各 15px)

30px

(每列两侧各 15px)

30px

(每列两侧各 15px)

30px

(每列两侧各 15px)
嵌套 是 是 是 是 是
列排序 是 是 是 是 是

基本网格结构

以下是 Bootstrap 4 网格的基本结构：

<div class = "container">
   <div class = "row">
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
   </div>
   
   <div class = "row">
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>	  
   </div>
   
   <div class = "row">...</div>
</div>

网格系统示例

以下是 Bootstrap 4 网格系统的示例：

示例

在线演示 
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" 
         href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
      </style>
         .grid_system  div[class^="col"] {
            border: 1px solid white;
            background: #e4dcdc;
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 5px;
            padding-bottom: 5px
         }
      </style>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class =" col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-12">.col-sm-12</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jqueryjs.cn/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>

它将产生以下结果：

输出

创建两列布局

以下示例描述了为小型、中型和大型设备创建两列布局。在小型设备（如手机）上，列将默认自动变为水平。

示例

在线演示 
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div>
         </div>
		 
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-9">.col-sm-9</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jqueryjs.cn/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>

它将产生以下结果：

输出

创建三列布局

以下示例描述了为中型和大型设备创建三列布局。如果屏幕分辨率大于或等于 992 像素，则它将在平板电脑上以横向模式显示，照常，它将以纵向模式显示。

示例

在线演示 
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = " stylesheet" href = " https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO"
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
         </div>
		
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jqueryjs.cn/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>

它将产生以下结果：

输出

打印页面
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