Fortran - 动态数组



动态数组是指大小在编译时未知,而是在运行时才确定的数组。

动态数组用属性allocatable声明。

例如:

real, dimension (:,:), allocatable :: darray    

数组的秩(即维度)必须声明,但是要为这样的数组分配内存,需要使用allocate函数。

allocate ( darray(s1,s2) )      

数组在程序中使用完毕后,应该使用deallocate函数释放已分配的内存。

deallocate (darray)  

示例

下面的例子演示了上面讨论的概念。

program dynamic_array 
implicit none 

   !rank is 2, but size not known   
   real, dimension (:,:), allocatable :: darray    
   integer :: s1, s2     
   integer :: i, j     
   
   print*, "Enter the size of the array:"     
   read*, s1, s2      
   
   ! allocate memory      
   allocate ( darray(s1,s2) )      
   
   do i = 1, s1           
      do j = 1, s2                
         darray(i,j) = i*j               
         print*, "darray(",i,",",j,") = ", darray(i,j)           
      end do      
   end do      
   
   deallocate (darray)  
end program dynamic_array

编译并运行上述代码后,将产生以下结果:

Enter the size of the array: 3,4
darray( 1 , 1 ) = 1.00000000    
darray( 1 , 2 ) = 2.00000000    
darray( 1 , 3 ) = 3.00000000    
darray( 1 , 4 ) = 4.00000000    
darray( 2 , 1 ) = 2.00000000    
darray( 2 , 2 ) = 4.00000000    
darray( 2 , 3 ) = 6.00000000    
darray( 2 , 4 ) = 8.00000000    
darray( 3 , 1 ) = 3.00000000    
darray( 3 , 2 ) = 6.00000000    
darray( 3 , 3 ) = 9.00000000    
darray( 3 , 4 ) = 12.0000000   

DATA语句的使用

data语句可以用来初始化多个数组,或进行数组段的初始化。

data语句的语法如下:

data variable / list / ...

示例

下面的例子演示了这个概念:

program dataStatement
implicit none

   integer :: a(5), b(3,3), c(10),i, j
   data a /7,8,9,10,11/ 
   
   data b(1,:) /1,1,1/ 
   data b(2,:)/2,2,2/ 
   data b(3,:)/3,3,3/ 
   data (c(i),i = 1,10,2) /4,5,6,7,8/ 
   data (c(i),i = 2,10,2)/5*2/
   
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   do j = 1, 5                
      print*, a(j)           
   end do 
   
   Print *, 'The B array:'
   do i = lbound(b,1), ubound(b,1)
      write(*,*) (b(i,j), j = lbound(b,2), ubound(b,2))
   end do

   Print *, 'The C array:' 
   do j = 1, 10                
      print*, c(j)           
   end do      
   
end program dataStatement

编译并运行上述代码后,将产生以下结果:

 The A array:
           7
           8
           9
          10
          11
 The B array:
           1           1           1
           2           2           2
           3           3           3
 The C array:
           4
           2
           5
           2
           6
           2
           7
           2
           8
           2

WHERE语句的使用

where语句允许你根据某个逻辑条件的结果,在表达式中使用数组的某些元素。只有当给定的条件为真时,才对元素执行表达式。

示例

下面的例子演示了这个概念:

program whereStatement
implicit none

   integer :: a(3,5), i , j
   
   do i = 1,3
      do j = 1, 5                
         a(i,j) = j-i          
      end do 
   end do
   
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   
   do i = lbound(a,1), ubound(a,1)
      write(*,*) (a(i,j), j = lbound(a,2), ubound(a,2))
   end do
   
   where( a<0 ) 
      a = 1 
   elsewhere
      a = 5
   end where
  
   Print *, 'The A array:'
   do i = lbound(a,1), ubound(a,1)
      write(*,*) (a(i,j), j = lbound(a,2), ubound(a,2))
   end do   
   
end program whereStatement

编译并运行上述代码后,将产生以下结果:

 The A array:
           0           1           2           3           4
          -1           0           1           2           3
          -2          -1           0           1           2
 The A array:
           5           5           5           5           5
           1           5           5           5           5
           1           1           5           5           5
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