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法律研究如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx
在本文中，我们将学习如何在 Ubunt 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx。Sphinx 是一个开源搜索引擎，它允许进行全文搜索，并且在对大量数据进行搜索方面表现出色，这些数据可以来自任何来源（例如：SQL 数据库、纯文本文件等）。
Sphinx 的特性
高级索引和良好的查询工具。
高搜索性能和索引。
用于后处理的高级结果。
易于扩展，支持高级搜索。
可以与 SQL 和 XML 数据源集成。
可以扩展以处理包含数千个查询的大量数据。
先决条件
在开始之前，我们需要一些先决条件。
我们需要一台 Ubuntu 机器，以及一个具有 sudo 权限的非 root 用户。
机器上已安装 MySQL。
在机器上安装 Sphinx
我们可以使用 Ubuntu 的原生软件包仓库通过 apt-get 直接安装 Sphinx，以下是安装 Sphinx 的命令。
$ sudo apt-get install sphinxsearch Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libmysqlclient20 libstemmer0d The following NEW packages will be installed: libmysqlclient20 libstemmer0d sphinxsearch 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 92 not upgraded. Need to get 2,608 kB of archives. After this operation, 20.5 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenial/universe amd64 libstemmer0d amd 64 0+svn585-1 [62.1 kB] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 libmysqlclie nt20 amd64 5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [809 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 sphinxsearch amd 64 2.2.9-1build1 [1,737 kB] Fetched 2,608 kB in 2s (986 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libstemmer0d:amd64. (Reading database ... 117542 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libstemmer0d_0+svn585-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libstemmer0d:amd64 (0+svn585-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libmysqlclient20:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libmysqlclient20_5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sphinxsearch. Preparing to unpack .../sphinxsearch_2.2.9-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking sphinxsearch (2.2.9-1build1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ... Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu4) ... Setting up libstemmer0d:amd64 (0+svn585-1) ... Setting up libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Setting up sphinxsearch (2.2.9-1build1) ... Adding system user `sphinxsearch' (UID 119) ... Adding new group `sphinxsearch' (GID 125) ... Adding new user `sphinxsearch' (UID 119) with group `sphinxsearch' ... Not creating home directory `/var/run/sphinxsearch'. Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ... Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu4) ...
为 Sphinx 创建测试数据库
现在，我们必须使用默认情况下随软件包提供的示例数据创建一个测试数据库，这将允许您在后续步骤中测试 Sphinx 搜索。
让我们登录到 MySQL，在这里我们将创建测试数据库并导入示例数据库。
$ mysql –u root –p mysql> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> SOURCE /etc/sphinxsearch/example.sql; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Mysql> quit
配置 Sphinx 以进行搜索
在 Sphinx 中，我们需要编辑和配置 3 个主要模块以适应我们的环境，其中定义了索引、搜索和源等基本要素。这些模块位于配置文件 sphinx.conf 中，该文件位于 /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf.sample。为此，我们需要将现有的示例配置文件复制到 /etc/sphinxsearch 文件夹。
$ cp /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf.sample /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf $ sudo vi /etc/sphoxsearch/sphinx.conf
配置文 件应如下所示，包含以下模块
sphinx.conf 中的 Source 模块
source src1
{
type = mysql
#SQL settings (for ‘mysql’ and ‘pgsql’ types)
sql_host = localhost
sql_user = roo
tsql_pass = ubuntu
sql_db = test
sql_port = 3306 # optional, default is 3306
sql_query = \
SELECT id, group_id, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date_added) AS date_added, title, content \
FROM documents
sql_attr_uint = group_id
sql_attr_timestamp = date_added
}sphinx.conf 中的 Index 模块
index test
{
source = src1
path = /var/lib/sphinxsearch/data/test
docinfo = extern
}
Searchd block in sphinx.conf
searchd
{
listen = 9312:sphinx #SphinxAPI port
listen = 9306:mysql41 #SphinxQL port
log = /var/log/sphinxsearch/searchd.log
query_log = /var/log/sphinxsearch/testquery.log
read_timeout = 5
max_children = 30
pid_file = /var/run/sphinxsearch/testsearchd.pid
seamless_rotate = 1
preopen_indexes = 1
unlink_old = 1
binlog_path = /var/lib/sphinxsearch/datatest
}编辑完配置后，我们需要对 Sphinx 进行索引。
管理 Sphinx 上的索引
在这里，我们将使用我们在前面步骤中编辑的配置文件进行索引。
$ sudo indexer –all Sphinx 2.2.9-id64-release (rel22-r5006) Copyright (c) 2001-2015, Andrew Aksyonoff Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com) using config file '/etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf'... indexing index 'test'... collected 4 docs, 0.0 MB sorted 0.0 Mhits, 100.0% done total 4 docs, 193 bytes total 0.007 sec, 24319 bytes/sec, 504.03 docs/sec total 4 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.1 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg total 12 writes, 0.000 sec, 0.1 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
在生产环境中，我们需要使索引保持最新，因此我们将为此创建一个 cron 作业。
$ crontab –e
将以下内容添加到文件的末尾。
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron. # # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line # indicating with different fields when the task will be run # and what command to run for the task # # To define the time you can provide concrete values for # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon), # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system # daemon's notion of time and timezones. # # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected). # # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts # at 5 a.m every week with: # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/ # # For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8) # # m h dom mon dow command @hourly /usr/bin/indexer --rotate --config /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf –all
启动 Sphinx 服务
由于我们已使用配置文件配置了索引，因此现在需要编辑 Sphinx 配置文件。默认情况下，Sphinx 守护程序未启动，我们需要编辑此文件 /etc/default/sphinxsearch。
$ vi /etc/default/sphinxsearch # # Settings for the sphinxsearch searchd daemon # Please read /usr/share/doc/sphinxsearch/README.Debian for details. # # Should sphinxsearch run automatically on startup? (default: no) # Before doing this you might want to modify /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf # so that it works for you. START=yes
以下是启动 Sphinx 守护程序的命令。
$ sudo systemctl restart sphinxsearch.services
重新启动 sphinxsearch 服务后，我们将使用以下命令检查状态。
$ sudo systemctl status sphinxsearch.service sphinxsearch.service - LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/sphinxsearch; bad; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (exited) since Mon 2016-09-19 13:00:20 IST; 1h 10min ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Tasks: 0 (limit: 512) Memory: 0B CPU: 0 Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine... Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 sphinxsearch[7804]: To enable sphinxsearch, edit /etc/default/sphinxsearch and set START=ye Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine.
测试 Sphinx 搜索
现在，我们将使用 MySQL 接口通过端口 9306 连接到 SphinxQL。
$ mysql -h0 -P9306 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 2.2.9-id64-release (rel22-r5006) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
在数据库中搜索单词“test”。
mysql> SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('test '); SHOW META;
+------+----------+------------+
| id | group_id | date_added |
+------+----------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 1474272578 |
| 2 | 1 | 1474272578 |
| 4 | 2 | 1474272578 |
+------+----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| total | 3 |
| total_found | 3 |
| time | 0.000 |
| keyword[0] | test |
| docs[0] | 3 |
| hits[0] | 5 |
+---------------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)通过使用设置和配置，我们可以将 Sphinx 配置为一个功能强大的搜索引擎，它更高效，并且可以处理海量数据。Sphinx 搜索可以处理数十亿个文档，并可以处理数 TB 的数据，每秒可以执行数千个搜索查询。
更新于： 2020年1月20日
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