如何使用 C# 中的 linq 扩展方法执行左外部联接?
使用 INNER JOIN 仅将匹配元素包括在结果集中。不匹配的元素将从结果集中排除。
使用 LEFT OUTER JOIN 所有匹配的元素以及从左集合中所有不匹配的元素都包括在结果集中。
让我们了解如何通过一个例子实现左外部联接。考虑以下 Department 和 Employee 类。注意,Employee Mary 没有分配部门。内部联接不会在结果集中包含她的记录,而左外部联接会。
示例
static class Program{
static void Main(string[] args){
var result = Employee.GetAllEmployees()
.GroupJoin(Department.GetAllDepartments(),
e => e.DepartmentID,
d => d.ID,
(emp, depts) => new { emp, depts })
.SelectMany(z => z.depts.DefaultIfEmpty(),
(a, b) => new{
EmployeeName = a.emp.Name,
DepartmentName = b == null ? "No Department" : b.Name
});
foreach (var v in result){
Console.WriteLine(" " + v.EmployeeName + "\t" + v.DepartmentName);
}
}
}
public class Department{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public static List<Department> GetAllDepartments(){
return new List<Department>(){
new Department { ID = 1, Name = "IT"},
new Department { ID = 2, Name = "HR"},
};
}
}
public class Employee{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int DepartmentID { get; set; }
public static List<Employee> GetAllEmployees(){
return new List<Employee>(){
new Employee { ID = 1, Name = "Mark", DepartmentID = 1 },
new Employee { ID = 2, Name = "Steve", DepartmentID = 2 },
new Employee { ID = 3, Name = "Ben", DepartmentID = 1 },
new Employee { ID = 4, Name = "Philip", DepartmentID = 1 },
new Employee { ID = 5, Name = "Mary" }
};
}
}
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