Python程序:查找将一个单词更改为另一个单词所需的步数


假设我们有一个名为dictionary的单词列表,以及另外两个字符串start和end。我们希望通过一次更改一个字符来从start到达end,并且每个生成的单词也应该在dictionary中。单词区分大小写。因此,我们必须找到到达end所需的最小步数。如果不可能,则返回-1。

因此,如果输入类似于dictionary = ["may", "ray", "rat"] start = "rat" end = "may",则输出为3,因为我们可以选择此路径:["rat", "ray", "may"]。

为了解决这个问题,我们将遵循以下步骤:

dictionary := a new set with all unique elements present in
q = a double ended queue with a pair (start, 1)
while q is not empty, do
   (word, distance) := left element of q, and delete the left element
   if word is same as end, then
      return distance
      for i in range 0 to size of word - 1, do
         for each character c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", do
            next_word := word[from index 0 to i - 1] concatenate c concatenate word[from index (i + 1) to end]
            if next_word is in dictionary, then
               delete next_word from dictionary
               insert (next_word, distance + 1) at the end of q
return -1

示例(Python)

让我们看看下面的实现,以便更好地理解:

 在线演示

from collections import deque
class Solution:
   def solve(self, dictionary, start, end):
      dictionary = set(dictionary)
      q = deque([(start, 1)])
      while q:
         word, distance = q.popleft()
         if word == end:
            return distance
         for i in range(len(word)):
            for c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
               next_word = word[:i] + c + word[i + 1 :]
               if next_word in dictionary:
                  dictionary.remove(next_word)
                  q.append((next_word, distance + 1))
      return -1
ob = Solution()
dictionary = ["may", "ray", "rat"]
start = "rat"
end = "may"
print(ob.solve(dictionary, start, end))

输入

["may", "ray", "rat"], "rat", "may"

输出

3

更新于:2020年12月12日

208 次浏览

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