Spring声明式事务管理

声明式事务管理方法允许您通过配置来管理事务，而不是在源代码中进行硬编码。这意味着您可以将事务管理与业务代码分离。您只需使用注解或基于XML的配置来管理事务。Bean配置将指定要进行事务处理的方法。以下是声明式事务相关的步骤：

• 我们使用``标签，它创建一个事务处理advice，同时我们定义一个pointcut，匹配所有我们希望进行事务处理的方法，并引用事务advice。

• 如果方法名称包含在事务配置中，则创建的advice将在调用方法之前开始事务。

• 目标方法将在一个try/catch块中执行。

• 如果方法正常结束，AOP advice将成功提交事务；否则，它将执行回滚。

让我们看看上面提到的步骤是如何工作的，但在开始之前，重要的是至少有两个数据库表，我们可以使用事务对其执行各种CRUD操作。让我们以一个**学生**表为例，它可以在MySQL TEST数据库中使用以下DDL创建：

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

第二个表是**成绩**表，我们将在其中根据年份维护学生的成绩。这里**SID**是学生表的外键。

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

现在，让我们编写Spring JDBC应用程序，它将对学生和成绩表执行简单的操作。让我们准备好一个可用的Eclipse IDE，并按照以下步骤创建一个Spring应用程序：

以下是数据访问对象接口文件StudentDAO.java的内容

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public interface StudentDAO {
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to initialize
      * database resources ie. connection.
   */
   public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);
   
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to create
      * a record in the Student and Marks tables.
   */
   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
   
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to list down
      * all the records from the Student and Marks tables.
   */
   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents();
}

以下是StudentMarks.java文件的内容

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class StudentMarks {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;
   private Integer id;
   private Integer marks;
   private Integer year;
   private Integer sid;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setId(Integer id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public Integer getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
      this.marks = marks;
   }
   public Integer getMarks() {
      return marks;
   }
   public void setYear(Integer year) {
      this.year = year;
   }
   public Integer getYear() {
      return year;
   }
   public void setSid(Integer sid) {
      this.sid = sid;
   }
   public Integer getSid() {
      return sid;
   }
}

以下是StudentMarksMapper.java文件的内容

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMarksMapper implements RowMapper<StudentMarks> {
   public StudentMarks mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
      StudentMarks studentMarks = new StudentMarks();
      studentMarks.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
      studentMarks.setName(rs.getString("name"));
      studentMarks.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
      studentMarks.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
      studentMarks.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
      studentMarks.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));

      return studentMarks;
   }
}

以下是为定义的DAO接口StudentDAO编写的实现类文件StudentJDBCTemplate.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO {
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

   public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
      this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
   }
   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year){
      try {
         String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL1, name, age);

         // Get the latest student id to be used in Marks table
         String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
         int sid = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt( SQL2 );

         String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) " + "values (?, ?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);
         System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
         
         // to simulate the exception.
         throw new RuntimeException("simulate Error condition") ;
      } 
      catch (DataAccessException e) {
         System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
         throw e;
      }
   }
   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents() {
      String SQL = "select * from Student, Marks where Student.id = Marks.sid";
      List <StudentMarks> studentMarks = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, 
         new StudentMarksMapper());
      
      return studentMarks;
   }
}

现在让我们来看主应用程序文件MainApp.java，内容如下

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      StudentDAO studentJDBCTemplate = 
         (StudentDAO)context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");
      
      System.out.println("------Records creation--------" );
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);

      System.out.println("------Listing all the records--------" );
      List<StudentMarks> studentMarks = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
      
      for (StudentMarks record : studentMarks) {
         System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() );
         System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() );
         System.out.print(", Marks : " + record.getMarks());
         System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
         System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
      }
   }
}

以下是配置文件Beans.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Initialization for data source -->
   <bean id="dataSource" 
      class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/TEST"/>
      <property name = "username" value = "root"/>
      <property name = "password" value = "cohondob"/>
   </bean>
  
   <tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager">
      <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name = "create"/>
      </tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>
	
   <aop:config>
      <aop:pointcut id = "createOperation" 
         expression = "execution(* com.tutorialspoint.StudentJDBCTemplate.create(..))"/>
      
      <aop:advisor advice-ref = "txAdvice" pointcut-ref = "createOperation"/>
   </aop:config>
	
   <!-- Initialization for TransactionManager -->
   <bean id = "transactionManager"
      class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
      
      <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />    
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean -->
   <bean id = "studentJDBCTemplate"  
      class = "com.tutorialspoint.StudentJDBCTemplate">
      <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource"/>  
   </bean>

</beans>

创建源代码和Bean配置文件后，让我们运行应用程序。如果您的应用程序一切正常，它将打印以下异常。在这种情况下，事务将回滚，并且不会在数据库表中创建任何记录。

------Records creation--------
Created Name = Zara, Age = 11
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: simulate Error condition

您可以移除异常后尝试上面的示例，在这种情况下，它应该提交事务，您应该在数据库中看到一条记录。